a nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing excessive diarrhea the clients arterial blood gas values are ph 728 pao2 98 mm hg paco2 45 mm hg an

ATI RN

ATI Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation

1. A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing excessive diarrhea. The clients arterial blood gas values are pH 7.28, PaO2 98 mm Hg, PaCO2 45 mm Hg, and HCO3 16 mEq/L. Which provider order should the nurse expect to receive?

A. Furosemide (Lasix) 40 mg intravenous push
B. Sodium bicarbonate 100 mEq diluted in 1 L of D5W
C. Mechanical ventilation
D. Indwelling urinary catheter

Correct answer: B

Rationale:

2. A nurse is caring for a client who has the following arterial blood values: pH 7.12, PaO2 56 mm Hg, PaCO2 65 mm Hg, and HCO3 22 mEq/L. Which clinical situation should the nurse correlate with these values?

A. . Diabetic ketoacidosis in a person with emphysema
B. Bronchial obstruction related to aspiration of a hot dog
C. Anxiety-induced hyperventilation in an adolescen
D. Diarrhea for 36 hours in an older, frail woman

Correct answer: A

Rationale:

3. . A nurse assesses a client with diabetes mellitus who is admitted with an acid-base imbalance. The clients arterial blood gas values are pH 7.36, PaO2 98 mm Hg, PaCO2 33 mm Hg, and HCO3 18 mEq/L. Which manifestation should the nurse identify as an exam

A. Increased rate and depth of respirations
B. ncreased urinary output
C. Increased thirst and hunger
D. ncreased release of acids from the kidneys

Correct answer: A

Rationale:

4. Which hormone reduces the amount of water in the body?

A. ADH
B. aldosterone
C. ANH
D. ADH and aldosterone

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'aldosterone.' Aldosterone is the hormone that reduces the amount of water in the body by increasing the reabsorption of sodium and water from the kidney tubules. ANH (atrial natriuretic hormone) actually works to increase the excretion of sodium and water by the kidneys, leading to a reduction in blood volume and pressure. ADH (antidiuretic hormone) works to increase water reabsorption by the kidneys, thereby increasing blood volume. Therefore, choices A (ADH) and D (ADH and aldosterone) are incorrect in the context of reducing the amount of water in the body.

5. Which of the following is not considered an extracellular fluid?

A. Cerebrospinal fluid
B. The humors of the eye
C. Lymph
D. Cerebrospinal fluid and the humors of the eye

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Cerebrospinal fluid and the humors of the eye are not considered extracellular fluids. Extracellular fluids are fluids found outside the cells, such as interstitial fluid and lymph. Cerebrospinal fluid is found within the central nervous system, while the humors of the eye (aqueous humor and vitreous humor) are located within the eyeball, making them distinct from extracellular fluids.