ATI RN
ATI Medical Surgical Proctored Exam 2023
1. During an acute asthma attack, a healthcare provider assesses a client. Which assessment finding indicates that the client's condition is worsening?
- A. Loud wheezing
- B. Increased respiratory rate
- C. Decreased breath sounds
- D. Productive cough
Correct answer: C
Rationale: In a client experiencing an acute asthma attack, decreased breath sounds suggest severe airway obstruction or respiratory fatigue, indicating a worsening condition. Loud wheezing, increased respiratory rate, and a productive cough are common manifestations during an asthma attack as the airways constrict, leading to turbulent airflow causing wheezing, increased effort to breathe resulting in a higher respiratory rate, and mucus production causing a productive cough. However, decreased breath sounds signify a critical situation requiring immediate intervention.
2. Which of the following is the antidote for lead poisoning?
- A. Naloxone
- B. Nitrite
- C. CaEDTA
- D. Dialysis
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (CaEDTA) is the antidote for lead poisoning. CaEDTA works by chelating lead, forming a complex that is then excreted in the urine. It is used in chelation therapy to treat lead poisoning by reducing lead levels in the body.
3. A client is prescribed albuterol (Proventil) via a metered-dose inhaler. Which action should the nurse take to ensure effective use of this medication?
- A. Instruct the client to inhale quickly while administering the medication.
- B. Have the client hold their breath for 10 seconds after inhaling the medication.
- C. Tell the client to exhale immediately after inhaling the medication.
- D. Encourage the client to use the inhaler as needed only when experiencing symptoms.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: To ensure effective use of albuterol via a metered-dose inhaler, the nurse should have the client hold their breath for 10 seconds after inhaling the medication. This action allows the medication to reach deeper into the airways. Inhaling slowly and deeply, not quickly, is recommended for optimal drug delivery. Exhaling immediately after inhaling the medication would expel it before it can take effect. It's essential for the client to follow the prescribed regimen of medication usage, not just using the inhaler when symptoms are present.
4. The anatomical term that indicates a structure close to the surface is
- A. anterior
- B. proximal
- C. superficial
- D. superior
Correct answer: superficial
Rationale: The correct answer is 'superficial.' In anatomy, the term 'superficial' refers to a structure that is close to the surface of the body. Choice A, 'anterior,' refers to the front of the body, not specifically to depth. Choice B, 'proximal,' refers to a structure that is closer to the point of attachment or trunk of the body. Choice D, 'superior,' indicates a structure that is above or higher in position.
5. A client who received Prochlorperazine 4 hours ago reports spasms of his face. The nurse should anticipate a prescription for which of the following medications?
- A. Fomepizole
- B. Naloxone
- C. Phytonadione
- D. Diphenhydramine
Correct answer: D
Rationale: An adverse effect of prochlorperazine is acute dystonia, which is evidenced by spasms of the muscles in the face, neck, and tongue. Diphenhydramine is used to suppress extrapyramidal effects of prochlorperazine, making it the most appropriate choice to address the client's spasms. Fomepizole is used in methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning, not for acute dystonia. Naloxone is an opioid antagonist used for opioid overdose, not for acute dystonia. Phytonadione is vitamin K, used for the reversal of warfarin, not for acute dystonia.
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