a male patient is receiving testosterone therapy for hypogonadism what adverse effect should the nurse monitor during this therapy

ATI RN

WGU Pathophysiology Final Exam

1. A male patient is receiving testosterone therapy for hypogonadism. What adverse effect should the nurse monitor during this therapy?

A. Increased risk of cardiovascular events
B. Increased risk of liver dysfunction
C. Increased risk of prostate cancer
D. Increased risk of bone fractures

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Increased risk of cardiovascular events. Testosterone therapy can lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular events like heart attacks and strokes, especially in older patients. Choice B, increased risk of liver dysfunction, is not a common adverse effect of testosterone therapy. Choice C, increased risk of prostate cancer, is a concern when using testosterone therapy in patients with existing prostate cancer, but not a general adverse effect. Choice D, increased risk of bone fractures, is not typically associated with testosterone therapy.

2. A patient with hypogonadism is being treated with testosterone gel. What application instructions should the nurse provide?

A. Apply the gel to the face and neck for maximum absorption.
B. Apply the gel to the chest or upper arms and allow it to dry completely before dressing.
C. Apply the gel to the genitals for improved results.
D. Apply the gel to the scalp and back.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Testosterone gel should be applied to the chest or upper arms and allowed to dry completely before dressing to avoid transfer to others. Applying the gel to the face, neck, genitals, scalp, or back is not recommended as these areas may lead to unintentional transfer to others, inappropriate absorption, or potential side effects. Choice A is incorrect as applying the gel to the face and neck can lead to unwanted transfer. Choice C is incorrect as applying the gel to the genitals is not the recommended site for application. Choice D is incorrect as the scalp and back are not appropriate sites for applying testosterone gel.

3. In a postmenopausal woman, what condition can be prevented by administering estradiol (Estraderm)?

A. Endometriosis
B. Amenorrhea
C. Osteoporosis
D. Uterine cancer

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Osteoporosis. Estradiol, a form of estrogen, is used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women by maintaining bone density. Choice A, Endometriosis, is incorrect as estradiol is not used to prevent or treat this condition. Choice B, Amenorrhea, is not prevented by estradiol but rather may result from hormonal changes. Choice D, Uterine cancer, is not directly prevented by estradiol; in fact, long-term unopposed estrogen use can increase the risk of uterine cancer.

4. Which of the following stores electrolytes and acts as an electrolyte pool?

A. Brain - Kidneys
B. Bone - Nails
C. Bone - Liver
D. Liver - Pancreas

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Bones store electrolytes and act as a reservoir, maintaining a balance of essential minerals like calcium and phosphate. The correct pair in this context is 'Bone - Nails.' Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the brain, kidneys, liver, and pancreas perform other functions in the body and are not primarily responsible for storing electrolytes.

5. Which of the following accurately describes the pathophysiology of asthma?

A. Chronic inflammation of the bronchial lining
B. Narrowing of the airway due to bronchoconstriction
C. Damage to alveoli reducing lung elasticity
D. Overproduction of mucus by the goblet cells

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: "Narrowing of the airway due to bronchoconstriction." In asthma, there is an inflammatory response that leads to bronchoconstriction, causing the airways to narrow and making it difficult to breathe. Choice A is incorrect as chronic inflammation is a feature of asthma but not the primary pathophysiological mechanism. Choice C is incorrect as damage to alveoli is more characteristic of conditions like emphysema. Choice D is incorrect as overproduction of mucus is a feature of chronic bronchitis, not asthma.