ATI RN
ATI Mental Health Proctored Exam 2019
1. A client with a history of alcohol use disorder is admitted to the hospital. Which assessment finding would indicate early alcohol withdrawal?
- A. Bradycardia
- B. Hypotension
- C. Diaphoresis
- D. Hypothermia
Correct answer: C
Rationale: In a client experiencing early alcohol withdrawal, one of the key assessment findings is diaphoresis (excessive sweating). This is due to autonomic hyperactivity commonly seen during this phase, along with other signs like tremors and tachycardia. Bradycardia (slow heart rate), hypotension (low blood pressure), and hypothermia (low body temperature) are not typically associated with early alcohol withdrawal, making them incorrect choices.
2. The nurse is preparing to admit a 6-year-old child with celiac disease. What clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to observe?
- A. Steatorrhea
- B. All are correct
- C. Malnutrition
- D. Foul-smelling stools
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Celiac disease often presents with steatorrhea, malnutrition, and foul-smelling stools due to the malabsorption of nutrients. Therefore, all the manifestations listed (steatorrhea, malnutrition, foul-smelling stools) are expected in a child with celiac disease. Polycythemia is not associated with celiac disease, making choice B the correct answer.
3. A 56-year-old woman has been experiencing memory loss and confusion for the past year. The client is diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Which finding is most characteristic of this disease?
- A. Neurofibrillary tangles in the brain
- B. Demyelination of neurons in the brain
- C. Accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques
- D. Formation of Lewy bodies
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques. Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques in the brain. These plaques are formed from the buildup of beta-amyloid protein fragments between nerve cells. Choice A, neurofibrillary tangles, are a hallmark of another neurodegenerative disease called Alzheimer's disease. Choice B, demyelination of neurons, is more characteristic of diseases like multiple sclerosis. Choice D, formation of Lewy bodies, is associated with Lewy body dementia, not Alzheimer's disease.
4. What is a key component of a comprehensive discharge plan for a patient with heart failure?
- A. Advising on appropriate physical activity and exercise
- B. Fluid restriction to prevent fluid overload
- C. Dietary recommendations, including a low-sodium diet
- D. Medication management, including diuretics and ACE inhibitors
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The main components of a comprehensive discharge plan for a patient with heart failure include advising on appropriate physical activity and exercise to improve cardiovascular health and overall well-being. While fluid restriction and dietary recommendations are important aspects of heart failure management, advising on physical activity and exercise is crucial for improving cardiac function and quality of life post-discharge. Medication management is also essential but focusing on physical activity is particularly relevant for long-term management and preventing readmissions.
5. __________ may heighten the effects of a high-fat diet.
- A. Sex hormones
- B. Over-the-counter medications
- C. Free radicals
- D. Low body weight
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Free radicals may contribute to oxidative stress, increasing the risk of conditions associated with a high-fat diet. When consuming a high-fat diet, the body may produce more free radicals, leading to oxidative damage. Sex hormones, over-the-counter medications, and low body weight do not directly heighten the effects of a high-fat diet like free radicals do.
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