ATI RN
ATI Nutrition Proctored Exam 2023
1. A patient is admitted to the emergency room and is found to have proteinuria, a low serum albumin level, edema, and elevated blood lipids. Which condition do these symptoms typically associate with?
- A. Nephrotic syndrome
- B. Acute kidney injury
- C. Rejection of a kidney transplant
- D. Renal colic
Correct answer: A: Nephrotic syndrome
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Nephrotic syndrome. Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by proteinuria (excess protein in urine), hypoalbuminemia (low serum albumin), edema (swelling due to fluid buildup), and hyperlipidemia (elevated blood lipids). These symptoms occur as a result of damage to the kidneys' filtering units. Acute kidney injury, rejection of a kidney transplant, and renal colic do not present with the same combination of symptoms as nephrotic syndrome. Acute kidney injury typically presents with a sudden decrease in kidney function, resulting in a build-up of waste products in the blood. Rejection of a kidney transplant may present with fever, pain at the transplant site, and changes in urine output. Renal colic usually presents with intense pain in the lower back or side, related to kidney stones.
2. A client is following Seventh-Day Adventist dietary laws. Which of the following dietary guidelines should the nurse include in the plan of care?
- A. Replace salt with pepper when seasoning food.
- B. Request that coffee is removed from meal trays.
- C. Offer pork with two meals per week.
- D. Provide a high-protein snack between meals.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Seventh-Day Adventists typically avoid stimulants like caffeine, so requesting that coffee be removed from meal trays is appropriate. Choice A is incorrect because it does not specifically relate to Seventh-Day Adventist dietary guidelines. Choice C is incorrect as pork is generally avoided in Seventh-Day Adventist dietary laws. Choice D is incorrect as it does not address the specific dietary preferences of Seventh-Day Adventist clients.
3. What type of debridement involves proteolytic enzymes?
- A. Interventional C. Surgical
- B. Mechanical D. Chemical
- C.
- D.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.
4. Why is atherosclerosis dangerous to arterial function?
- A. It diminishes central circulation
- B. It causes decreased blood pressure on artery walls
- C. It narrows the arterial lumen so a clot can easily block it
- D. It increases arterial elasticity
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Atherosclerosis is dangerous to arterial function because it narrows the arterial lumen, increasing the risk of a clot completely blocking the blood flow. This can lead to severe cardiovascular events such as heart attacks or strokes. Choice A is incorrect since atherosclerosis does not primarily diminish central circulation, but rather, it impedes local blood flow where the plaque is present. Choice B is also incorrect as atherosclerosis increases the pressure on artery walls due to the narrowed space for blood flow, not decrease it. Lastly, choice D is incorrect as atherosclerosis causes the arteries to lose their elasticity, not increase it.
5. What nursing diagnosis would be most appropriate for a patient with heart failure?
- A. risk for infection
- B. fluid volume excess
- C. impaired body temperature
- D. ineffective airway clearance
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The most appropriate nursing diagnosis for a patient with heart failure is 'fluid volume excess.' In heart failure, the heart's reduced pumping ability leads to fluid retention, causing an excess of fluid in the body. This can result in symptoms such as edema, shortness of breath, and weight gain. 'Risk for infection,' 'impaired body temperature,' and 'ineffective airway clearance' are not the most appropriate nursing diagnoses for a patient with heart failure as they do not directly relate to the pathophysiology and common issues seen in heart failure patients.