Nursing Elites

1. A patient is admitted to the emergency room and is found to have proteinuria, a low serum albumin level, edema, and elevated blood lipids. Which condition do these symptoms typically associate with?

• A. Nephrotic syndrome
• B. Acute kidney injury
• C. Rejection of a kidney transplant
• D. Renal colic

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Nephrotic syndrome. Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by proteinuria (excess protein in urine), hypoalbuminemia (low serum albumin), edema (swelling due to fluid buildup), and hyperlipidemia (elevated blood lipids). These symptoms occur as a result of damage to the kidneys' filtering units. Acute kidney injury, rejection of a kidney transplant, and renal colic do not present with the same combination of symptoms as nephrotic syndrome. Acute kidney injury typically presents with a sudden decrease in kidney function, resulting in a build-up of waste products in the blood. Rejection of a kidney transplant may present with fever, pain at the transplant site, and changes in urine output. Renal colic usually presents with intense pain in the lower back or side, related to kidney stones.

2. A nurse at a health fair is assessing the weight status of four clients. Which of the following clients is classified as overweight?

• A. A female client who has a body mass index of 24
• B. A male client who has a body mass index of 29
• C. A female client who has a waist circumference of 101.6 cm (40 in)
• D. A male client who has a waist circumference of 96.52 cm (38 in)

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A body mass index (BMI) of 25 or higher is classified as overweight. Choice B, a male client with a BMI of 29, falls into the overweight category. Choice A, a female client with a BMI of 24, is within the normal range. Choices C and D provide information on waist circumference, which is not sufficient to determine if a client is overweight or not, as waist circumference alone does not provide the overall picture of weight status compared to BMI.

3. A client who has chronic lymphocytic leukemia is starting chemotherapy treatments and asks if she needs to make any dietary changes. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

• A. "You should avoid drinking liquids an hour before the treatments."?
• B. "Eating low-calorie foods helps prevent nausea."?
• C. "Foods that are higher in fat are usually more appealing."?
• D. "Raw fruits and vegetables will be easier for your body to digest."?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: During chemotherapy treatments for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, raw fruits and vegetables are recommended as they are easier for the body to digest. This choice provides essential nutrients and is gentle on the digestive system. Option A is incorrect because staying hydrated is crucial during chemotherapy. Option B is incorrect as low-calorie foods may not provide sufficient energy during treatment. Option C is incorrect because high-fat foods are not typically recommended due to potential digestive issues.

4. The priority nursing diagnosis for a client with major depression is:

• A. Altered nutrition
• B. Altered thought process
• C. Self care deficit
• D. Risk for injury

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

5. A nurse is teaching a parent about appropriate snack choices for her 9-month-old infant. Which of the following food choices should the nurse recommend?

• A. Skim milk
• B. Unsalted popcorn
• C. Graham crackers
• D. Raw carrots

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Graham crackers are an appropriate snack choice for a 9-month-old infant due to their texture and ease of consumption. Skim milk (Choice A) is not recommended for infants under 1 year old due to the potential risk of developing milk allergies. Unsalted popcorn (Choice B) can be a choking hazard for infants. Raw carrots (Choice D) are a potential choking hazard for a 9-month-old infant and may be difficult for them to chew and digest.

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