Nursing Elites

1. A client has just had surgery for colon cancer. Which of the following disorders might the client develop?

• A. Peritonitis
• B. Diverticulosis
• C. Partial bowel obstruction
• D. Complete bowel obstruction

Correct answer: C

Rationale: After surgery for colon cancer, the client may develop a partial bowel obstruction.

2. When teaching a community group about measures to prevent colon cancer, which instruction should the nurse include?

• A. Limit fat intake to 20% to 25% of your total daily calories.
• B. Include 15 to 20 grams of fiber into your daily diet.
• C. Get an annual rectal examination after age 35.
• D. Undergo sigmoidoscopy annually after age 50.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Limiting fat intake is a recommended measure to reduce the risk of colon cancer. Including fiber, undergoing annual rectal examinations, and sigmoidoscopy are also important, but limiting fat intake is directly related to reducing cancer risk.

3. The client with cirrhosis has ascites and excess fluid volume. Which measure will the nurse include in the plan of care for this client?

• A. Increase the amount of sodium in the diet.
• B. Limit the amount of fluids consumed.
• C. Encourage frequent ambulation.
• D. Administer magnesium antacids.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Excess fluid volume, related to the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal and dependent areas of the body, can occur in the client with cirrhosis. Fluids should be restricted, including fluids given in medications and meals. Sodium restriction also aids in reducing fluid volume excess.

4. A client returns from surgery with a sigmoid colostomy. An ostomy appliance is attached. The priority nursing diagnosis for daily observation and care is:

• A. Diarrhea related to alteration in bowel elimination.
• B. Impaired skin integrity related to seepage.
• C. Impaired nutrition: More than body requirements related to high-fat diet.
• D. Impaired physical mobility related to surgical procedure.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Impaired skin integrity would be the priority nursing diagnosis for daily care of the colostomy because the effluent from the colostomy can be irritating to the skin. Diarrhea isn't a concern at this point. The client will be allowed nothing by mouth until peristalsis returns. The client should get out of bed on the first postoperative day, so mobility shouldn't be a problem.

5. The client has just had surgery to create an ileostomy. The nurse assesses the client in the immediate post-op period for which of the following most frequent complications of this type of surgery?

• A. Intestinal obstruction
• B. Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
• C. Malabsorption of fat
• D. Folate deficiency

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Fluid and electrolyte imbalance is a common complication following ileostomy surgery due to the loss of large volumes of fluid and electrolytes through the stoma. Monitoring and replacing fluids and electrolytes is essential.

Similar Questions