Nursing Elites

1. A baby throws its arms out and then inward (as if embracing) in response to loud noise or when its head falls. Which reflex is this?

• A. Babinski
• B. Palmar
• C. Darwinian
• D. Moro

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Moro. The Moro reflex is an instinctual response seen in infants when they experience a sudden loss of support or loud noise. The baby will throw their arms out and then bring them back in, resembling an embrace. This reflex is important for survival as it helps the infant react to potential dangers. Choice A, Babinski, refers to the reflex where a baby's toes spread apart when the sole of the foot is stimulated. Choice B, Palmar, is related to the reflex where a baby's fingers close tightly around an object placed in their palm. Choice C, Darwinian, is not a recognized reflex in this context.

2. The ____ believed that consciousness developed in humans because it serves a useful purpose?

• A. Behaviorists
• B. Humanists
• C. Functionalists
• D. Structuralists

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Functionalists believed that consciousness evolved because it serves a useful purpose in helping humans adapt to their environment. Choice A, Behaviorists, focused on observable behaviors rather than consciousness. Choice B, Humanists, emphasized human potential and self-actualization. Choice D, Structuralists, studied the basic elements of consciousness rather than its function and purpose.

3. To overcome her fear of balloons due to the loud sound they might make when popping, Bella must sit in a room filled with balloons while the therapist pops each one. After a while, Bella realizes that her fear is unjustified and even begins to pop balloons herself. This technique is known as?

• A. Systematic desensitization
• B. Aversion therapy
• C. Flooding
• D. Extinction

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Flooding. Flooding is an exposure therapy technique where a person is exposed to their fear at full intensity until the fear subsides. In this scenario, Bella is exposed to her fear of balloons in a controlled environment until she realizes her fear is unjustified. Choice A, Systematic desensitization, involves gradual exposure to the fear stimulus paired with relaxation techniques. Choice B, Aversion therapy, aims to create a negative association with a stimulus to reduce unwanted behavior. Choice D, Extinction, refers to the gradual decrease in the strength or frequency of a conditioned response.

4. What term refers to the awareness that other people have their own intentions, desires, wants, and motives?

• A. Theory of mind
• B. Theory of personality
• C. Theory of being
• D. Theory of awareness

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Theory of mind.' Theory of mind is the understanding that others have their own thoughts, feelings, and intentions. This ability allows individuals to attribute mental states to others, enabling them to understand and predict behavior based on those mental states. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not specifically address the awareness of others' intentions, desires, wants, and motives.

5. Professor Immel believes that behaviors that are predominant in certain species probably serve some adaptive function. Professor Immel's beliefs are most consistent with which perspective?

• A. Behavioral perspective.
• B. Cognitive perspective.
• C. Humanistic perspective.
• D. Evolutionary perspective.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Professor Immel's belief that behaviors in certain species serve an adaptive function aligns with the evolutionary perspective. The evolutionary perspective posits that behaviors have developed over time because they provide an advantage for survival and reproduction. This perspective emphasizes the role of natural selection in shaping behaviors based on their adaptive value. Choices A, B, and C do not specifically address the idea that behaviors have evolved to serve specific functions for survival, making them inconsistent with Professor Immel's beliefs.

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