Nursing Elites

1. A 7-year-old has been diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. Chest physiotherapy has been ordered. What information should the nurse give to the parents regarding when chest physiotherapy is done?

• A. Before aerosol treatment
• B. After suctioning
• C. Before postural drainage
• D. Before meals

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Before meals'. Chest physiotherapy should be performed before meals to reduce the risk of vomiting and to ensure that the airways are clear for effective nutrition. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because chest physiotherapy is ideally done before meals to optimize its benefits and avoid complications associated with timing.

2. A parent brings their 4-year-old child for a check-up. Which finding would concern the nurse?

• A. Ectomorphic body type
• B. Resting pulse rate of 120
• C. Weight gain of 5 lb (2.27 kg) in the past year
• D. No increase in appetite compared with that in toddler years

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A resting pulse rate of 120 is elevated for a 4-year-old and may indicate an underlying issue that needs further investigation. An ectomorphic body type is a body shape and not typically a cause for concern. Weight gain within normal limits and no significant change in appetite are generally positive findings in a growing child.

3. What intervention is contraindicated in a suspected case of appendicitis?

• A. Enemas
• B. Palpating the abdomen
• C. Administration of antibiotics
• D. Administration of antipyretics for fever

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Enemas are contraindicated in cases of suspected appendicitis because they can increase the risk of perforation. The pressure from the enema can exacerbate inflammation and potentially lead to the rupture of the appendix. Palpating the abdomen gently is essential for diagnosing appendicitis, as it helps identify the characteristic signs like rebound tenderness. Antibiotics are commonly used to treat the infection associated with appendicitis, and antipyretics are administered to manage fever, which is a common symptom of the condition. Therefore, enemas are the intervention to avoid in suspected appendicitis cases.

4. What is the most effective way to prevent the spread of hand, foot, and mouth disease in a daycare setting?

• A. Handwashing
• B. Isolating sick children
• C. Disinfecting toys
• D. Encouraging vaccination

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Handwashing is indeed the most effective way to prevent the spread of hand, foot, and mouth disease in children. Proper hand hygiene helps in removing and killing germs that can cause infections. While isolating sick children and disinfecting toys are important measures to prevent the spread of diseases, they are not as effective as handwashing. Encouraging vaccination, in this case, is not relevant since there is no specific vaccine available for hand, foot, and mouth disease.

5. What are classified as hydrocarbon poisons?

• A. All below
• B. Gasoline
• C. Turpentine
• D. Lighter fluid

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Hydrocarbon poisons include substances like gasoline, turpentine, and lighter fluid, which are typically liquids derived from petroleum. Bleach is a corrosive substance, not a hydrocarbon.

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