Nursing Elites

1. Which teaching point should the nurse include when providing education to an adolescent client who participates in soccer regarding the plan of care for diabetes mellitus?

• A. Decreased food intake
• B. Increased doses of insulin
• C. Increased food intake
• D. Decreased doses of insulin

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct teaching point the nurse should include is to advise the adolescent client who participates in soccer to increase food intake. Physical activity increases glucose utilization, so adolescents with diabetes need to consume additional carbohydrates to prevent hypoglycemia during and after exercise. Choice A (Decreased food intake) is incorrect because the adolescent needs extra carbohydrates to support the increased physical activity. Choice B (Increased doses of insulin) is incorrect as the focus should be on adjusting food intake rather than insulin doses. Choice D (Decreased doses of insulin) is also incorrect as the insulin doses should be adjusted based on the increased food intake and physical activity level.

2. During a routine health assessment, the nurse notes that an 8-month-old infant has a significant head lag. Which is the most appropriate action?

• A. Recheck head control at the next visit
• B. Teach the parents appropriate exercises
• C. Schedule the child for further evaluation
• D. Refer the child for further evaluation if the anterior fontanel is still open

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Significant head lag at 8 months is concerning and warrants further evaluation, as it may indicate developmental delays or neurological issues.

3. One of the major differences in clinical presentation between Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) is that UC is more likely to cause which clinical manifestation?

• A. Pain
• B. Rectal bleeding
• C. Perianal lesions
• D. Growth retardation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rectal bleeding is more commonly associated with ulcerative colitis (UC) than with Crohn disease (CD). While both conditions can cause abdominal pain and growth issues, bleeding is a hallmark of UC due to its superficial mucosal inflammation. Perianal lesions are more characteristic of CD, and growth retardation is typically not a direct clinical manifestation of either CD or UC.

4. The school nurse understands that children are impacted by divorce. Which has the most impact on the positive outcome of a divorce?

• A. Age of the child
• B. Gender of the child
• C. Family characteristics
• D. Ongoing family conflict

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The level of ongoing family conflict is the most significant factor influencing the positive or negative outcomes for children during and after a divorce

5. The nurse is talking to a group of parents of school-age children at an after-school program about childhood health problems. Which statement should the nurse include in the teaching?

• A. Childhood obesity is the most common nutritional problem among children
• B. Immunization rates are the same among children of different races and ethnicity
• C. Dental caries is not a problem commonly seen in children since the introduction of fluoridated water
• D. Mental health problems are typically not seen in school-age children but may be diagnosed in adolescents

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Childhood obesity is the most common nutritional problem in children, with significant implications for long-term health, including the risk of developing chronic diseases.

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