ATI RN
ATI Proctored Nutrition Exam
1. A 52-year-old male patient recently required surgery for the removal of a large calcium oxalate stone. To prevent further stone formation, the nurse advises against drinking?
- A. apple juice
- B. tea
- C. orange juice
- D. coffee
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Tea contains oxalates, which can contribute to the formation of calcium oxalate stones; therefore, patients prone to kidney stones should avoid excessive tea consumption.
2. A nurse assesses an audible grating sound (Crepitus) when a client with osteoarthritis moves his knees. What is the cause of this sound?
- A. A herniated disk in the diseased joint
- B. Pieces of bone and cartilage floating
- C. Popping bursae from standing
- D. Years of an autoimmune process
Correct answer: A herniated disk in the diseased joint
Rationale:
3. What is the most important assessment for a patient with suspected pneumonia?
- A. Monitor lung sounds
- B. Check oxygen saturation
- C. Assess for cough
- D. Assess for fever
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The most important assessment for a patient with suspected pneumonia is to monitor lung sounds. Lung sounds provide crucial information about the severity of pneumonia, such as crackles or decreased air entry. This assessment helps in evaluating the effectiveness of ventilation and oxygenation. While checking oxygen saturation is important, monitoring lung sounds gives more direct information about the lung involvement in pneumonia. Assessing for cough and fever are also relevant but do not provide as direct and critical information as monitoring lung sounds in the context of suspected pneumonia.
4. A healthcare professional is preparing to administer eye drops to a client. Which of the following actions should the healthcare professional take? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Have the client lie on their side.
- B. Ask the client to look up at the ceiling.
- C. Tell the client to blink when the drops enter their eye.
- D. Drop the medication into the center of the client's conjunctival sac.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: When administering eye drops, it is essential to ask the client to look up at the ceiling. This position helps prevent the drops from falling onto the cornea, ensuring that the medication is properly absorbed without causing discomfort or irritation.
5. A client with viral hepatitis has no appetite, and food makes the client nauseated. Which of the following interventions would be most appropriate?
- A. Explain that high-fat diets usually are tolerated better.
- B. Encourage intake of foods high in protein.
- C. Explain that the majority of calories need to be consumed in the evening hours.
- D. Monitor for fluid and electrolyte imbalance.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: If nausea occurs and persists, the client will need to be assessed for fluid and electrolyte imbalance. Explaining to the client that the majority of calories should be eaten in the morning hours is important because nausea occurs most often in the afternoon and evening. Clients should select a diet high in calories because energy is required for healing. Protein increases the workload on the liver. Changes in bilirubin interfere with fat absorption, so low-fat diets are tolerated better.