ATI RN
MSN 570 Advanced Pathophysiology Final 2024
1. A 25-year-old just had a colonoscopy and was diagnosed with Crohn disease. Which of the following is consistent with this diagnosis?
- A. Right lower quadrant cramping
- B. Severe bloody diarrhea
- C. Nausea and vomiting
- D. Mostly affects the rectum
Correct answer: Right lower quadrant cramping
Rationale: Crohn's disease is a type of inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any part of the digestive tract. Right lower quadrant cramping is consistent with Crohn's disease as it commonly involves the terminal ileum, which is located in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. Severe bloody diarrhea is more characteristic of ulcerative colitis, another type of inflammatory bowel disease. Nausea and vomiting are not specific symptoms of Crohn's disease. Crohn's disease can affect any part of the digestive tract, not just the rectum, so it is not accurate to say it mostly affects the rectum.
2. The nurse is preparing to admit a 7-year-old child with Crohn disease. What clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to observe?
- A. Pain is common.
- B. Weight loss is severe.
- C. All are correct.
- D. Diarrhea is moderate to severe.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because Crohn's disease commonly presents with pain, severe weight loss, and moderate to severe diarrhea in affected individuals. Therefore, all the manifestations listed are typically observed in patients with Crohn's disease. Choice A alone is not sufficient as weight loss and diarrhea are also prominent symptoms. Choice B is incorrect as it only mentions weight loss, omitting other common manifestations. Choice D is also incorrect as it does not cover the full range of expected clinical signs in Crohn's disease.
3. How does decision making differ from problem solving?
- A. Decision making always involves selecting from a set of alternatives.
- B. Problem solving always involves selecting one of several alternatives.
- C. Problem solving never involves decision making.
- D. Decision making always involves solving a problem.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because decision making always involves selecting from a set of alternatives, while problem solving involves diagnosing a problem. Option B is incorrect as problem solving involves diagnosing a problem rather than selecting one of several alternatives. Option C is incorrect because decision making is often a part of problem-solving processes. Option D is incorrect as decision making may involve selecting from alternatives, not necessarily solving a problem.
4. A client is caring for a postoperative client on the surgical unit. The client's blood pressure was 142/76 mm Hg 30 minutes ago and is now 88/50 mm Hg. What action by the nurse is best?
- A. Call the Rapid Response Team.
- B. Document and continue to monitor.
- C. Notify the primary care provider.
- D. Repeat blood pressure measurement in 15 minutes.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: In this scenario, the significant drop in blood pressure indicates a potential emergency situation. The correct action is to call the Rapid Response Team (RRT) to ensure prompt intervention and prevent further deterioration that could lead to respiratory or cardiac arrest. It is crucial to act swiftly in response to such a critical change in vital signs to provide the client with the necessary care and support.
5. How long can Vitamin A be stored in the liver for at least?
- A. 1 month.
- B. 6 months.
- C. 1 year.
- D. 18 months.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Vitamin A can be stored in the liver to meet basic needs for at least 1 year. This storage capacity allows the body to have a reserve of Vitamin A to sustain its needs over an extended period. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they underestimate the storage capacity of Vitamin A in the liver, which can last longer than these durations.
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