ATI RN
Final Exam Pathophysiology
1. A 20-year-old college student has presented to her campus medical clinic for a scheduled Pap smear. The clinician who will interpret the smear will examine cell samples for evidence of:
- A. Changes in cell shape, size, and organization
- B. Presence of unexpected cell types
- C. Ischemic changes in cell sample
- D. Abnormally high numbers of cells
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is changes in cell shape, size, and organization (Choice A). Pap smears are performed to detect potential precancerous or cancerous conditions by examining the cells for any abnormalities in their shape, size, or organization. This helps in identifying early signs of cervical cancer. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because Pap smears primarily focus on detecting cellular changes associated with cancer, not unexpected cell types, ischemic changes, or abnormally high numbers of cells.
2. What is a common barrier to effective delegation?
- A. Lack of trust in team members
- B. Lack of communication
- C. Inadequate training
- D. Lack of resources
Correct answer: A
Rationale: One of the common barriers to effective delegation is a lack of trust in team members. Delegating tasks involves entrusting responsibilities to others, and without trust in the team members' capabilities, the delegator may struggle to effectively assign tasks. Trust is essential for successful delegation as it allows for empowerment and accountability within the team. While lack of communication is crucial for effective delegation, the lack of trust has a more profound impact as it directly affects the ability to delegate tasks. Inadequate training and lack of resources, although important factors, are not as fundamental as trust in team members when it comes to effective delegation.
3. What may be a cause of conductive hearing loss?
- A. Prolonged exposure to loud noises
- B. Medications
- C. Presbycusis
- D. Otitis media
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Otitis media can cause conductive hearing loss by affecting the middle ear.
4. Which characteristic best describes the fine motor skills of an infant at age 5 months?
- A. Neat pincer grasp
- B. Strong grasp reflex
- C. Builds a tower of two cubes
- D. Able to grasp object voluntarily
Correct answer: D
Rationale: By 5 months, infants develop the ability to grasp objects voluntarily, showing improved motor control. The neat pincer grasp and building towers are skills that develop later.
5. Which action will the admitting nurse include in the care plan for a patient who has neutropenia?
- A. Avoid intramuscular injections
- B. Check temperature every 4 hours
- C. Omit fruits or vegetables from the diet
- D. Place a 'No Visitors' sign on the door
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Check temperature every 4 hours.' Neutropenic patients have a weakened immune system due to low levels of neutrophils, which are a type of white blood cell that helps fight infections. Monitoring the patient's temperature every 4 hours is crucial because the earliest sign of infection in a neutropenic patient is often a fever. This allows for early detection of any potential infections. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because avoiding intramuscular injections, omitting fruits or vegetables from the diet, and placing a 'No Visitors' sign on the door are not specific actions directly related to managing neutropenia or monitoring for signs of infection.
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