ATI RN
Human Growth and Development Clep Practice Exam
1. A __________ is a means of building schemes in which an infant who has stumbled onto a new experience caused by his or her own motor activity tries to repeat the event again and again.
- A. sensorimotor reflex
- B. circular reaction
- C. mental representation
- D. goal-directed behavior
Correct answer: B
Rationale: A circular reaction is a process where an infant repeats a specific action to explore and learn about the environment through their own motor activity. This repetition helps the infant to understand the consequences of their actions and build cognitive schemes. Sensorimotor reflex (choice A) refers to automatic responses to stimuli, not a purposeful repetition of actions to learn. Mental representation (choice C) involves internal cognitive structures to represent objects or events in the mind, which is different from the repetitive behavior described in the question. Goal-directed behavior (choice D) is purposeful and intentional, unlike the repetitive nature of circular reactions in infants' learning process.
2. A client who experienced a femur fracture 8 hr ago now reports sudden onset dyspnea and severe chest pain. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
- A. Provide high-flow oxygen.
- B. Check the client for a positive Chvostek's sign.
- C. Administer an IV vasopressor medication.
- D. Monitor the client for headache.
Correct answer: Provide high-flow oxygen.
Rationale: In this situation, the priority action is to provide high-flow oxygen to the client. Sudden onset dyspnea and severe chest pain can be indicative of a pulmonary embolism, which is a life-threatening emergency. Oxygen therapy helps improve oxygenation and stabilizes the client's condition. Checking for Chvostek's sign, administering IV vasopressors, or monitoring for a headache are not the immediate priorities in this critical situation.
3. Which factor places a patient at the highest risk for infection?
- A. A healthy immune system
- B. Presence of chronic illness
- C. Being well-nourished
- D. Age over 65 years
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The presence of chronic illness is the factor that places a patient at the highest risk for infection. Chronic illness can compromise the immune system's ability to fight off infections effectively, making individuals more susceptible to getting sick. Option A, a healthy immune system, actually reduces the risk of infection. Option C, being well-nourished, can support overall health but does not directly correlate with infection risk. While age over 65 years is a risk factor for certain infections due to age-related immune system changes, chronic illness has a more significant impact on infection risk.
4. What is the first sign of puberty in girls?
- A. Acne
- B. Hair growth in the pubic area and underarms
- C. Thelarche
- D. Menarche
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, Thelarche. Thelarche refers to the onset of breast development, which is typically the first sign of puberty in girls. This occurs before menarche (the first menstrual period). Choices A and B, acne and hair growth in the pubic area and underarms, are not the first signs of puberty in girls. While acne can be a common occurrence during puberty, it usually appears after other physical changes. Hair growth in the pubic area and underarms also occurs later in the puberty process.
5. Which goal of the client’s care should take priority during the first days of hospitalization for an exacerbation of ulcerative colitis?
- A. Promoting self-care and independence
- B. Managing diarrhea
- C. Maintaining adequate nutrition
- D. Promoting rest and comfort
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Managing diarrhea should take priority during the first days of hospitalization for an exacerbation of ulcerative colitis.
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