a nurse is providing teaching to a client with gastroesophageal reflux which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further t

ATI RN

ATI Nutrition

1. A nurse is providing teaching to a client with gastroesophageal reflux. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further teaching?

A. I should elevate the head of my bed while sleeping.
B. I drink no more than 4 cups of coffee a day.
C. I take my time when I am eating.
D. I avoid foods and drinks made with chocolate.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'I drink no more than 4 cups of coffee a day.' Excessive coffee consumption can aggravate gastroesophageal reflux due to its acidic nature. Choices A, C, and D are all appropriate self-care measures for managing gastroesophageal reflux. Elevating the head of the bed while sleeping helps prevent acid reflux, eating slowly can reduce reflux episodes, and avoiding trigger foods like chocolate can help alleviate symptoms.

2. Which vitamin deficiency is most likely to be associated with increased risk of macular degeneration?

A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin E

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Vitamin E is an antioxidant that helps protect eye health and prevent macular degeneration.

3. The mechanism behind most CKD in patients without diabetes is mediated by:

A. enzyme systems
B. immune systems
C. catabolic systems
D. hormonal systems

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In non-diabetic patients, CKD is often mediated by immune system responses. Chronic inflammation triggered by immune system dysfunction can contribute to progressive kidney damage. Therefore, the correct answer is 'immune systems.' Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because CKD in non-diabetic patients is primarily associated with immune system abnormalities rather than enzyme, catabolic, or hormonal systems.

4. Earliest sign of skin reaction to radiation therapy is:

A. desquamation
B. erythema
C. atrophy
D. pigmentation

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

5. Glucagon is a hormone released into the bloodstream in response to high blood sugar. It helps to lower blood glucose after a meal.

A. TRUE
B. FALSE
C.
D.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Glucagon is released in response to low blood sugar and raises blood glucose levels by stimulating the release of glucose from liver stores, not lowering it.