ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Proctored Exam 2019
1. During discharge instructions, a client with a new prescription for Phenytoin should be advised to take which of the following actions?
- A. Brush and floss your teeth regularly.
- B. Avoid drinking grapefruit juice.
- C. Take this medication on an empty stomach.
- D. Increase your intake of calcium-rich foods.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct instruction for a client with a new prescription for Phenytoin is to brush and floss their teeth regularly. Phenytoin is known to cause gingival hyperplasia, a condition that affects the gums. By maintaining good oral hygiene practices such as regular brushing and flossing, the client can help minimize the risk of developing this side effect. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Avoiding grapefruit juice is more relevant for medications affected by grapefruit juice metabolism, taking medication on an empty stomach is not specifically indicated for Phenytoin, and increasing calcium-rich foods is not directly related to the side effects or administration of Phenytoin.
2. What information should a working mother who wants to continue breastfeeding her infant by occasionally pumping milk ahead of time be given to help her successfully maintain breastfeeding?
- A. Breast milk can be refrigerated for up to 4 days
- B. Breast milk stored in a deep freezer can be kept for up to 12 months
- C. Heating breast milk in the microwave can degrade its nutritional quality
- D. Breast milk can be expressed either by hand or with an electric pump
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. This information is crucial as it informs the mother of her options for expressing milk, which is the first step in being able to store and later feed it to her child while she's away at work. Choice A has been corrected to state that breast milk can be refrigerated for up to 4 days, providing a more accurate storage timeframe. Choice B has been revised to indicate that breast milk stored in a deep freezer can be kept for up to 12 months, aligning with the recommended storage duration. Choice C now highlights that heating breast milk in the microwave can degrade its nutritional quality, emphasizing the importance of using proper methods for warming breast milk and avoiding potential harm to the baby's health and well-being.
3. Nutritional goals for a patient wishing to modify eating patterns should adhere to each, except one. Which is the exception?
- A. Measurable
- B. Immediate
- C. Realistic
- D. Achievable
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Nutritional goals should be measurable, realistic, and achievable. They should not be immediate, as sustainable changes take time.
4. What are the dietary recommendations for a patient with GERD?
- A. Avoid mint and spicy foods
- B. Eat large meals before bedtime
- C. Consume liquids with meals
- D. Avoid NSAIDs
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to avoid mint and spicy foods for a patient with GERD. These foods can increase gastric acid secretion and worsen symptoms of GERD. Choice B is incorrect because eating large meals before bedtime can exacerbate GERD symptoms due to increased gastric pressure when lying down. Choice C is also incorrect as consuming liquids with meals can lead to increased gastric distention, potentially triggering GERD symptoms. Choice D, avoiding NSAIDs, though important for some patients with GERD due to their potential to irritate the stomach lining, is not a general dietary recommendation for all GERD patients.
5. Which of the following statements about time management is true?
- A. Time management is not important in nursing
- B. Writing goals will increase stress
- C. Effective time management reduces stress
- D. Setting goals is a time waster
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Effective time management reduces stress. Proper time management allows nurses to prioritize tasks, allocate sufficient time for each activity, and reduce the feeling of being overwhelmed. This, in turn, helps in reducing stress levels and increasing productivity. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Time management is crucial in nursing to ensure efficient patient care and task completion. Writing goals helps in providing direction and motivation, reducing stress rather than increasing it. Setting goals is not a time waster; it is a fundamental aspect of effective time management.
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