ATI RN
ATI Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation
1. A nurse is caring for a client who has a serum calcium level of 14 mg/dL. Which provider order should the nurse implement first?
- A. Encourage oral fluid intake.
- B. Connect the client to a cardiac monitor.
- C. Assess urinary output.
- D. Administer oral calcitonin (Calcimar).
Correct answer: Encourage oral fluid intake.
Rationale: The correct answer is to encourage oral fluid intake. With a serum calcium level of 14 mg/dL, the client is at risk of hypercalcemia. Encouraging oral fluid intake helps to promote hydration and can help prevent further elevation of calcium levels. Connecting the client to a cardiac monitor (Choice B) is important but not the first priority in this situation. Assessing urinary output (Choice C) is relevant but does not address the immediate concern of high serum calcium levels. Administering oral calcitonin (Calcimar) (Choice D) may be a treatment option later, but the first step should be to address hydration.
2. A nurse is preparing a sterile field for a client with a surgical wound. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to maintain the sterile field?
- A. Open sterile packages using the flap closest to your body first.
- B. Don sterile gloves before opening the sterile package.
- C. Avoid reaching over the sterile field.
- D. Place sterile items at least 2.5 cm (1 in) from the edge of the sterile field.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct action to maintain a sterile field is to avoid reaching over it. This prevents contamination of the sterile environment by reducing the risk of unintentionally dropping microorganisms from non-sterile areas onto the sterile field. Opening sterile packages using the flap closest to your body first (choice A) is a good practice but not directly related to maintaining the sterile field. Donning sterile gloves before opening the sterile package (choice B) is crucial for maintaining sterility but not specific to maintaining the sterile field. Placing sterile items at least 2.5 cm (1 in) from the edge of the sterile field (choice D) is important to prevent accidental contamination, but it is not the primary action to maintain the sterile field.
3. What did Ivan Pavlov discover?
- A. observational learning
- B. classical conditioning
- C. the ego's positive contributions to development
- D. the clinical method
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Ivan Pavlov discovered classical conditioning. This is a form of learning in which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus and acquires the capacity to elicit a similar response. Pavlov's famous experiment with dogs, where he conditioned them to salivate at the sound of a bell, demonstrated this principle. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because Pavlov's work primarily focused on classical conditioning, not observational learning, ego contributions to development, or the clinical method.
4. What is the most appropriate action for a healthcare professional to take when a medication error occurs?
- A. Document the error in the patient's medical record.
- B. Report the error to the healthcare provider immediately.
- C. Apologize to the patient and explain what happened.
- D. Continue administering the medication and monitor the patient closely.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: When a medication error occurs, the most appropriate action for a healthcare professional is to report the error to the healthcare provider immediately. This is crucial for ensuring prompt corrective action to mitigate any potential harm to the patient. Documenting the error is important but should come after reporting it to the relevant authorities. Apologizing to the patient is important for maintaining trust and communication but should not take precedence over reporting and addressing the error. Continuing to administer the medication without addressing the error is unsafe and goes against patient safety protocols.
5. During the admission interview, which question should the nurse ask the male client diagnosed with aorto-iliac disease?
- A. “Do you have trouble sitting for long periods of time?”
- B. “How often do you have a bowel movement and urinate?”
- C. “When you lie down do you feel throbbing in your abdomen?”
- D. “Have you experienced any problems having sexual intercourse?”
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct question for the nurse to ask the male client diagnosed with aorto-iliac disease during the admission interview is about any problems experienced during sexual intercourse. Aorto-iliac disease can lead to impaired blood flow to the pelvis and lower extremities, affecting sexual function. Therefore, it is essential to assess the client's sexual health in such cases. The other options, such as sitting for long periods of time, bowel movements and urination frequency, and throbbing sensation when lying down, are not directly related to the potential impact of aorto-iliac disease on sexual function. Hence, they are not the most pertinent questions to ask during the admission interview.
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