Nursing Elites

1. Play activities of the preschool-age child include:

• A. Having imaginary playmates
• B. Selective collection of objects
• C. Complex board games
• D. Associative play

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, 'Having imaginary playmates.' Preschool-age children often engage in imaginative play, which includes creating imaginary friends or playmates. This type of play helps them develop creativity, social skills, and emotional expression. Choice B, 'Selective collection of objects,' may be more common in older children and is not a typical play activity for preschoolers. Choice C, 'Complex board games,' are usually beyond the developmental level of preschoolers as they require more advanced cognitive skills. Choice D, 'Associative play,' is a term used to describe a type of play where children play alongside each other but not necessarily together, which is different from the imaginative play involving imaginary playmates that preschoolers often engage in.

2. When teaching a mother how to administer eye drops, where should the nurse tell her to place them?

• A. At the lacrimal duct
• B. On the sclera while the child looks to the outside
• C. In the conjunctival sac when the lower eyelid is pulled down
• D. Carefully under the eyelid while it is gently pulled upward

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Eye drops should be placed in the conjunctival sac, which allows the medication to be absorbed properly without causing irritation. Placing drops directly on the sclera or near the lacrimal duct is less effective and can cause discomfort.

3. Because children younger than 5 years are egocentric, the nurse should do which when communicating with them?

• A. Focus communication on the child.
• B. Use easy analogies when possible.
• C. Explain experiences of others to the child
• D. Assure the child that communication is private

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Focusing communication directly on the child aligns with their egocentric nature and helps engage them in the conversation.

4. What is the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in children under 5 years?

• A. Salmonella
• B. Rotavirus
• C. Norovirus
• D. Shigella

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rotavirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in children under 5 years. It leads to severe diarrhea and dehydration. Vaccination against rotavirus has significantly reduced the incidence of this disease, but it remains a major cause of morbidity in young children globally. Salmonella and Shigella can cause gastroenteritis, but they are less common in children under 5 years. Norovirus is also a common cause of gastroenteritis, but Rotavirus is the most prevalent in this age group.

5. What type of shock is characterized by a hypersensitivity reaction causing massive vasodilation and capillary leaks, which may occur with drug or latex allergy?

• A. Neurogenic shock
• B. Cardiogenic shock
• C. Hypovolemic shock
• D. Anaphylactic shock

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Anaphylactic shock is a severe allergic reaction that causes massive vasodilation and increased capillary permeability, leading to rapid fluid shifts and circulatory collapse if not treated promptly. Neurogenic, cardiogenic, and hypovolemic shocks have different etiologies.

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