Nursing Elites

1. Play activities of the preschool-age child include:

• A. Having imaginary playmates
• B. Selective collection of objects
• C. Complex board games
• D. Associative play

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, 'Having imaginary playmates.' Preschool-age children often engage in imaginative play, which includes creating imaginary friends or playmates. This type of play helps them develop creativity, social skills, and emotional expression. Choice B, 'Selective collection of objects,' may be more common in older children and is not a typical play activity for preschoolers. Choice C, 'Complex board games,' are usually beyond the developmental level of preschoolers as they require more advanced cognitive skills. Choice D, 'Associative play,' is a term used to describe a type of play where children play alongside each other but not necessarily together, which is different from the imaginative play involving imaginary playmates that preschoolers often engage in.

2. What is a common sign of moderate dehydration in children?

• A. Dry mucous membranes
• B. Normal capillary refill
• C. Hyperactive bowel sounds
• D. Edema

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Dry mucous membranes are a common sign of moderate dehydration in children, indicating a loss of bodily fluids. When a child is moderately dehydrated, the mucous membranes in the mouth and nose may appear dry. This condition can occur due to various factors such as vomiting, diarrhea, or inadequate fluid intake. Normal capillary refill (choice B) is not typically associated with dehydration; it is a measure of circulatory status. Hyperactive bowel sounds (choice C) can be present in conditions like gastroenteritis but are not specific to dehydration. Edema (choice D) is the retention of fluid in the body and is not a typical sign of dehydration.

3. What term is appropriate terminology to use for an infant whose intrauterine growth rate was slowed and whose birth weight falls below the 10th percentile on intrauterine growth charts?

• A. Postterm
• B. Postmature
• C. Low birth weight
• D. Small for gestational age

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'Small for gestational age.' A small for gestational age, or small-for-date, infant is any child whose intrauterine growth rate was slowed and whose birth weight falls below the 10th percentile on intrauterine growth curves. Choices A and B, 'Postterm' and 'Postmature,' refer to infants born after 42 weeks of gestational age regardless of birth weight, and do not specifically address growth rate. Choice C, 'Low birth weight,' refers to infants with a birth weight less than 2500 g (5.5 pounds) regardless of gestational age, which is a different classification compared to being small for gestational age.

4. The nurse is performing an oral examination on a preschool child. Which strategies should the nurse use to encourage the child to open the mouth for the examination? (Select all that apply.)

• A. Lightly brush the palate with a cotton swab
• B. Perform the examination in front of a mirror
• C. Let the child examine someone else's mouth first
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Using a cotton swab, allowing the child to observe, and demonstrating on someone else are effective ways to encourage a preschooler to open their mouth for examination.

5. Which immunization is recommended for all newborns?

• A. Hepatitis A vaccine
• B. Hepatitis B vaccine
• C. Hepatitis C vaccine
• D. Hepatitis A, B, and C vaccines

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, the Hepatitis B vaccine. This vaccine is recommended for all newborns to prevent Hepatitis B infection, which can lead to chronic liver disease and liver cancer. The Hepatitis B vaccine is a crucial part of the routine immunization schedule for infants. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the recommended vaccine for newborns is specifically Hepatitis B, not Hepatitis A, Hepatitis C, or a combination of Hepatitis A, B, and C vaccines.

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