Nursing Elites

1. Play activities of the preschool-age child include:

• A. Having imaginary playmates
• B. Selective collection of objects
• C. Complex board games
• D. Associative play

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, 'Having imaginary playmates.' Preschool-age children often engage in imaginative play, which includes creating imaginary friends or playmates. This type of play helps them develop creativity, social skills, and emotional expression. Choice B, 'Selective collection of objects,' may be more common in older children and is not a typical play activity for preschoolers. Choice C, 'Complex board games,' are usually beyond the developmental level of preschoolers as they require more advanced cognitive skills. Choice D, 'Associative play,' is a term used to describe a type of play where children play alongside each other but not necessarily together, which is different from the imaginative play involving imaginary playmates that preschoolers often engage in.

2. Which parameter correlates best with measurements of total muscle mass?

• A. Height
• B. Weight
• C. Skinfold thickness
• D. Upper arm circumference

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Upper arm circumference correlates best with total muscle mass because it includes both muscle and fat components, making it a reliable indicator of muscle mass.

3. What is the recommended position for a child with epiglottitis to ease breathing?

• A. Supine
• B. Prone
• C. Tripod
• D. Semi-Fowler’s

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, 'Tripod.' In children with epiglottitis, the tripod position is recommended to help open the airway and ease breathing. This position involves the child sitting upright, leaning forward, and supporting themselves with their hands on their knees or another surface. This posture helps improve air entry into the lungs by maximizing the space for breathing. Choices A (Supine), B (Prone), and D (Semi-Fowler’s) are incorrect. Placing a child with epiglottitis in the supine position may further obstruct the airway, while the prone position and semi-Fowler’s position do not facilitate optimal air exchange in these cases.

4. What is the required number of milliliters of fluid needed per day for a 14-kg child?

• A. 800
• B. 1000
• C. 1200
• D. 1400

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The fluid requirement for a 14-kg child is approximately 100 mL/kg/day, so for a 14-kg child, the requirement is around 1400 mL/day.

5. What is the most appropriate action for a child with epistaxis?

• A. Have the child lie flat
• B. Pinch the nose and lean forward
• C. Apply a warm compress to the nose
• D. Encourage deep breathing

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The most appropriate action for a child with epistaxis is to pinch the nose and lean forward. This technique helps stop the bleeding and prevent aspiration of blood. By applying pressure to the bleeding vessels and allowing the blood to drain out of the nostrils instead of being swallowed, the risk of nausea and airway obstruction is reduced. Having the child lie flat (Choice A) may lead to blood flowing down the throat, causing potential choking. Applying a warm compress (Choice C) is not typically recommended for epistaxis as cold compresses are more effective. Encouraging deep breathing (Choice D) is not directly related to managing epistaxis.

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