Nursing Elites

1. Play activities of the preschool-age child include:

• A. Having imaginary playmates
• B. Selective collection of objects
• C. Complex board games
• D. Associative play

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, 'Having imaginary playmates.' Preschool-age children often engage in imaginative play, which includes creating imaginary friends or playmates. This type of play helps them develop creativity, social skills, and emotional expression. Choice B, 'Selective collection of objects,' may be more common in older children and is not a typical play activity for preschoolers. Choice C, 'Complex board games,' are usually beyond the developmental level of preschoolers as they require more advanced cognitive skills. Choice D, 'Associative play,' is a term used to describe a type of play where children play alongside each other but not necessarily together, which is different from the imaginative play involving imaginary playmates that preschoolers often engage in.

2. Using knowledge of child development, what approach is best when preparing a toddler for a procedure?

• A. Avoid asking the child to make choices.
• B. Plan for a teaching session to last about 20 minutes.
• C. Demonstrate on a doll how the procedure will be done.
• D. Show the necessary equipment without allowing child to handle it.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Demonstrating on a doll helps the toddler understand what will happen in a non-threatening way, making the procedure less intimidating. Long teaching sessions or avoiding choices can increase anxiety.

3. What recommendation should the nurse make to prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in young girls?

• A. Avoid public toilet facilities
• B. Limit long baths as much as possible
• C. Cleanse the perineum with water after voiding
• D. Ensure clear liquid intake of 2 L/day

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Proper perineal hygiene, including cleansing with water after voiding, is crucial in preventing UTIs in young girls. Avoiding public toilets and limiting baths are less effective than proper hygiene practices.

4. When assessing a child with chronic renal failure, which clinical manifestations would the nurse expect to find?

• A. Uremic frost
• B. Hypotension
• C. Massive hematuria
• D. Severe metabolic acidosis

Correct answer: A

Rationale: When assessing a child with chronic renal failure, the nurse would expect to find uremic frost as a clinical manifestation. Uremic frost, a white powdery deposit of urea on the skin, occurs in severe cases of chronic renal failure due to the accumulation of urea and other waste products in the blood. Hypotension and massive hematuria are less common in chronic renal failure, while severe metabolic acidosis is typically mild to moderate and not a prominent clinical manifestation.

5. When the nurse interviews an adolescent, which is especially important?

• A. Focus the discussion on the peer group
• B. Allow an opportunity to express feelings
• C. Use the same type of language as the adolescent
• D. Emphasize that confidentiality will always be maintained

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Allowing adolescents to express their feelings helps them feel heard and supported, which is crucial for effective communication.

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