Nursing Elites

1. Your patient has a retractable gastric peptic ulcer and has had a gastric vagotomy. Which factor increases as a result of vagotomy?

• A. Peristalsis.
• B. Gastric acidity.
• C. Gastric motility.
• D. Gastric pH.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: After a gastric vagotomy, the gastric pH increases as a result of reduced acid secretion.

2. The client with a colostomy has an order for irrigation of the colostomy. The nurse uses which solution for the irrigation?

• A. Distilled water
• B. Tap water
• C. Sterile water
• D. Lactated Ringer’s

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct solution to use for the irrigation of a colostomy is warm tap water or saline solution. If tap water is not suitable for drinking, bottled water can be used. Distilled water, sterile water, and Lactated Ringer’s are not appropriate solutions for colostomy irrigation. Distilled water lacks essential minerals, sterile water may not provide adequate cleaning, and Lactated Ringer’s is not indicated for this procedure.

3. A client is admitted to the hospital with acute viral hepatitis. Which of the following signs or symptoms would the nurse expect to note based on this diagnosis?

• A. Spider angiomas
• B. Fatigue
• C. Pale urine
• D. Weight gain

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Common signs of acute viral hepatitis include weight loss, dark urine, and fatigue. The client is anorexic, possibly from a toxin produced by the diseased liver, and finds food distasteful. The urine darkens because of excess bilirubin being excreted by the kidneys. Fatigue occurs during all phases of hepatitis.

4. Which of the following dietary measures would be useful in preventing esophageal reflux?

• A. Eating small, frequent meals
• B. Increasing fluid intake
• C. Avoiding air swallowing with meals
• D. Adding a bedtime snack to the dietary plan

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Eating small, frequent meals helps prevent esophageal reflux.

5. Nathaniel has severe pruritus due to having hepatitis B. What is the best intervention for his comfort?

• A. Give tepid baths.
• B. Avoid lotions and creams.
• C. Use hot water to increase vasodilation.
• D. Use cold water to decrease the itching.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Giving tepid baths can help soothe severe pruritus due to hepatitis B.

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