Nursing Elites

1. Your patient has a retractable gastric peptic ulcer and has had a gastric vagotomy. Which factor increases as a result of vagotomy?

• A. Peristalsis.
• B. Gastric acidity.
• C. Gastric motility.
• D. Gastric pH.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: After a gastric vagotomy, the gastric pH increases as a result of reduced acid secretion.

2. Colon cancer is most closely associated with which of the following conditions?

• A. Appendicitis
• B. Hemorrhoids
• C. Hiatal hernia
• D. Ulcerative colitis

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Ulcerative colitis is a condition closely associated with an increased risk of developing colon cancer due to chronic inflammation of the colon.

3. Stephen is a 62 y.o. patient that has had a liver biopsy. Which of the following groups of signs alert you to a possible pneumothorax?

• A. Dyspnea and reduced or absent breath sounds over the right lung
• B. Tachycardia, hypotension, and cool, clammy skin
• C. Fever, rebound tenderness, and abdominal rigidity
• D. Redness, warmth, and drainage at the biopsy site

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Dyspnea and reduced or absent breath sounds over the right lung are signs of a possible pneumothorax.

4. The student nurse is preparing a teaching care plan to help improve nutrition in a patient with achalasia. You include which of the following:

• A. Swallow foods while leaning forward.
• B. Omit fluids at mealtimes.
• C. Eat meals sitting upright.
• D. Avoid soft and semisoft foods.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Eating meals while sitting upright helps improve swallowing and prevent complications in patients with achalasia.

5. The nurse has given instructions to the client with an ileostomy about foods to eat to thicken the stool. The nurse determines that the client needs further instructions if the client stated to eat which of the following foods to make the stool less watery?

• A. Pasta
• B. Boiled rice
• C. Bran
• D. Low-fat cheese

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Foods that help to thicken the stool of the client with an ileostomy include pasta, boiled rice, and low-fat cheese. Bran is high in dietary fiber and thus will increase the output of watery stool by increasing propulsion through the bowel. Ileostomy output is liquid. Addition or elimination of various foods can help to thicken or loosen this liquid drainage.

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