ATI RN
Nursing Care of Children Final ATI
1. Why are neonates predisposed to problems with thermoregulation?
- A. Renal function is not fully developed
- B. Flexed posture favors heat loss
- C. A large body surface area favors heat loss to the environment
- D. A thick layer of subcutaneous fat provides excellent insulation
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Newborns have a large surface area relative to their body weight, making them more susceptible to heat loss and requiring careful thermoregulation. Choice A is incorrect because renal function is not directly related to thermoregulation. Choice B is incorrect because a flexed posture actually helps reduce heat loss by minimizing the surface area exposed to the environment. Choice D is incorrect because neonates have limited subcutaneous fat, which contributes to their susceptibility to heat loss.
2. Which condition is often associated with a "ground-glass" appearance on a chest x-ray in neonates?
- A. Pneumonia
- B. Respiratory distress syndrome
- C. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
- D. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, Respiratory distress syndrome. Respiratory distress syndrome often presents with a "ground-glass" appearance on a chest x-ray in neonates due to surfactant deficiency. Choice A, Pneumonia, typically appears as patchy infiltrates on chest x-ray. Choice C, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, is characterized by hyperinflation and fibrosis, not a ground-glass appearance. Choice D, Congenital diaphragmatic hernia, usually shows mediastinal shift and bowel loops in the chest cavity on x-ray, not a ground-glass appearance.
3. A client has a prescription for Clonidine to treat hypertension. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Discontinue the medication if you experience dry mouth.
- B. Take the medication at the same time each day.
- C. Double the dose if you miss a dose.
- D. Avoid drinking orange juice while taking this medication.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: Taking Clonidine at the same time each day is crucial to ensure consistent blood levels and effectively manage blood pressure. Consistency in timing helps optimize the medication's effectiveness in controlling hypertension.
4. After ileostomy, which of the following condition is NOT expected?
- A. Increased weight
- B. Irritation of skin around the stoma
- C. Liquid stool
- D. Establishment of regular bowel movement
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.
5. Which of the following women is at highest risk for the development of endometrial cancer?
- A. A 50-year-old postmenopausal woman with a history of high-risk human papillomavirus
- B. A 45-year-old woman who is obese and has a menstrual pattern consisting of periods of amenorrhea and infrequent periods
- C. A 40-year-old woman who is overweight and has hypertension
- D. A 55-year-old woman who smokes
Correct answer: A 45-year-old woman who is obese and has a menstrual pattern consisting of periods of amenorrhea and infrequent periods
Rationale: The correct answer is a 45-year-old woman who is obese and has a menstrual pattern consisting of periods of amenorrhea and infrequent periods. Obesity and prolonged exposure to estrogen unopposed by progesterone due to infrequent ovulation are significant risk factors for endometrial cancer. Choices A, C, and D do not directly correlate with the increased risk of endometrial cancer. Postmenopausal status alone (Choice A), overweight with hypertension (Choice C), and smoking (Choice D) are not the primary risk factors for endometrial cancer.