Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following valves prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium of the heart?

• A. Aortic
• B. Tricuspid valve
• C. Pulmonic
• D. Mitral valve

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is the tricuspid valve. The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle of the heart. Its main function is to prevent the backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium during the heart's pumping cycle. Choice A, the aortic valve, is responsible for preventing backflow from the aorta into the left ventricle. Choice C, the pulmonic valve, prevents backflow from the pulmonary artery into the right ventricle. Choice D, the mitral valve, prevents backflow from the left ventricle into the left atrium.

2. Which of the following processes is most important for the continuation of the human species?

• A. Responsiveness
• B. Movement
• C. Reproduction
• D. Respiration

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Reproduction is the most important process for the continuation of the human species as it involves the creation of new individuals. Without reproduction, the human species would cease to exist. Responsiveness and movement are essential for individual survival and functioning but do not directly impact the continuation of the species. Respiration is crucial for obtaining energy but is not directly linked to the continuation of the species.

3. Maintaining a stable internal environment typically requires

• A. positive feedback mechanisms.
• B. an unstable outside environment.
• C. decreased atmospheric pressure.
• D. negative feedback mechanisms.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'negative feedback mechanisms.' In biological systems, negative feedback mechanisms help maintain homeostasis by counteracting any deviations from the set point. They work to stabilize internal conditions and keep them within a narrow range. On the other hand, positive feedback mechanisms amplify changes and are not involved in maintaining stability. Choice B, 'an unstable outside environment,' is incorrect as internal stability is independent of external conditions like weather. Choice C, 'decreased atmospheric pressure,' is also incorrect as it does not directly relate to internal homeostasis.

4. Which of the following is a role of platelets in hemostasis?

• A. formation of plugs
• B. promotion of vasodilation
• C. conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
• D. activation of calcium

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Platelets play a crucial role in hemostasis by forming plugs to stop bleeding. Choice B is incorrect because platelets do not promote vasodilation; instead, they help in vasoconstriction. Choice C is incorrect as the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin is a function of the coagulation cascade involving various clotting factors, not platelets. Choice D is incorrect as platelets do not directly activate calcium; instead, they play a role in the activation of other clotting factors.

5. The term 'physiology' is related to

• A. the Latin meaning of 'physical shape.'
• B. the structure of internal organs.
• C. the Greek for 'cutting up.'
• D. the Greek for 'relationship to nature.'

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The term 'physiology' originates from the Greek words 'physis' (meaning nature) and 'logos' (meaning study or relationship). Therefore, the correct answer is 'the Greek for 'relationship to nature.' Choice A is incorrect as it refers to the Latin meaning of 'physiology,' not the Greek origin. Choice B is incorrect as it is specific to the structure of internal organs, not the overall study of nature. Choice C is incorrect as it refers to a different term related to dissection or anatomy, not physiology.

Similar Questions