ATI RN
ATI Anatomy and Physiology
1. Which of the following valves prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium of the heart?
- A. Aortic
- B. Tricuspid valve
- C. Pulmonic
- D. Mitral valve
Correct answer: Tricuspid valve
Rationale: The correct answer is the tricuspid valve. The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle of the heart. Its main function is to prevent the backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium during the heart's pumping cycle. Choice A, the aortic valve, is responsible for preventing backflow from the aorta into the left ventricle. Choice C, the pulmonic valve, prevents backflow from the pulmonary artery into the right ventricle. Choice D, the mitral valve, prevents backflow from the left ventricle into the left atrium.
2. According to cognitive-developmental theory, a scheme is __________.
- A. an internal process that occurs apart from any contact with the environment
- B. the understanding that objects continue to exist when out of sight
- C. the ability to copy the behavior of others
- D. an organized way of making sense of experience
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In cognitive-developmental theory, a scheme is an organized way of making sense of experience. This term refers to mental structures or frameworks that help individuals interpret and understand the world around them. Choice A is incorrect because schemes are developed through interaction with the environment. Choice B refers to object permanence, a concept from Piaget's theory of cognitive development, not schemes. Choice C describes observational learning, which is different from the concept of schemes in cognitive development.
3. Which of the following are potential side effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)? Select one that does not apply.
- A. Short-term memory loss
- B. Headache
- C. Confusion
- D. Tardive dyskinesia
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Potential side effects of ECT include short-term memory loss, headache, confusion, and nausea. Tardive dyskinesia is not a side effect of ECT; it is associated with long-term use of antipsychotic medications, particularly antipsychotics that block dopamine receptors over time. ECT is primarily used for severe depression, bipolar disorder, and certain psychotic disorders. The other choices, short-term memory loss, headache, and confusion, are known side effects of ECT and are usually short-term and manageable.
4. Two RNs are discussing the benefits of professional liability insurance. Which of the following is a reason for an RN to have a professional liability insurance policy?
- A. No expenses are involved in frivolous lawsuits.
- B. If a nurse is found guilty of malpractice, the institution can sue the nurse.
- C. Liability policies may also cover charges of libel, slander, assault, and HIPAA violations.
- D. Only doctors are sued for malpractice.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Professional liability insurance is essential for nurses to have as it may cover charges of libel, slander, assault, and HIPAA violations. Option A is incorrect as there are expenses involved in frivolous lawsuits. Option B is incorrect because if a nurse is found guilty of malpractice, the institution can sue the nurse. Option D is incorrect as nurses can also be sued for malpractice, not just doctors.
5. A healthcare professional is reviewing the health records of five clients. Which of the following clients is not at risk for developing acute respiratory distress syndrome?
- A. A client who experienced a near-drowning incident
- B. A client following coronary artery bypass graft surgery
- C. A client who has a hemoglobin of 15.1 g/dL
- D. A client who has dysphagia
Correct answer: A client who has a hemoglobin of 15.1 g/dL
Rationale: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe lung condition that can be triggered by various factors such as near-drowning incidents, surgeries like coronary artery bypass graft, and underlying conditions like dysphagia. Hemoglobin levels do not directly influence the risk of developing ARDS. A hemoglobin level of 15.1 g/dL falls within the normal range and does not predispose an individual to ARDS.
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