Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following valves prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium of the heart?

• A. Aortic
• B. Tricuspid valve
• C. Pulmonic
• D. Mitral valve

Correct answer: Tricuspid valve

Rationale: The correct answer is the tricuspid valve. The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle of the heart. Its main function is to prevent the backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium during the heart's pumping cycle. Choice A, the aortic valve, is responsible for preventing backflow from the aorta into the left ventricle. Choice C, the pulmonic valve, prevents backflow from the pulmonary artery into the right ventricle. Choice D, the mitral valve, prevents backflow from the left ventricle into the left atrium.

2. Absorption is the ability to exhale carbon dioxide.

• A. True
• B. False
• C. Not Sure
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: False

Rationale: Absorption is the process of taking in substances such as nutrients or gases. Exhaling carbon dioxide is a part of the process of respiration, not absorption. Therefore, the statement that absorption is the ability to exhale carbon dioxide is false. Choice A is incorrect because absorption does not involve exhaling carbon dioxide. Choice C is incorrect as the concept of absorption can be clearly defined. Choice D is also incorrect as there is a definitive answer to the statement provided.

3. What is assimilation?

• A. changing absorbed substances into different chemical forms
• B. breaking down foods into nutrients that the body can absorb
• C. eliminating waste from the body
• D. an increase in body size without a change in overall shape

Correct answer: changing absorbed substances into different chemical forms

Rationale: Assimilation is the process of changing absorbed substances into different chemical forms. It occurs after nutrients from food are absorbed into the bloodstream and used by the body. Choice B, breaking down foods into nutrients that the body can absorb, refers to the process of digestion rather than assimilation. Choice C, eliminating waste from the body, describes the process of excretion. Choice D, an increase in body size without a change in overall shape, does not accurately define assimilation.

4. Which of the following lists best illustrates the idea of increasing levels of complexity?

• A. Cells, tissues, organelles, organs, organ systems
• B. Tissues, cells, organs, organelles, organ systems
• C. Organs, organelles, organ systems, cells, tissues
• D. Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

Correct answer: Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems. This list correctly depicts the increasing levels of complexity in biological organization. It starts with organelles, which are subunits within cells, followed by cells, then tissues (groups of cells working together), organs (comprised of different tissues), and finally organ systems (multiple organs working together). Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not follow the logical progression of complexity from smaller units to larger, more complex structures.

5. The anatomical term that indicates a structure close to the surface is

• A. anterior
• B. proximal
• C. superficial
• D. superior

Correct answer: superficial

Rationale: The correct answer is 'superficial.' In anatomy, the term 'superficial' refers to a structure that is close to the surface of the body. Choice A, 'anterior,' refers to the front of the body, not specifically to depth. Choice B, 'proximal,' refers to a structure that is closer to the point of attachment or trunk of the body. Choice D, 'superior,' indicates a structure that is above or higher in position.

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