ATI RN
ATI Gastrointestinal System Quizlet
1. Which of the following symptoms is associated with ulcerative colitis?
- A. Dumping syndrome
- B. Rectal bleeding
- C. Soft stools
- D. Fistulas
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Rectal bleeding is a common symptom of ulcerative colitis due to the inflammation and ulceration of the colon lining.
2. For an incontinent elderly client who frequently wets his bed and develops redness and skin excoriation at the perianal area, what is the best nursing goal?
- A. Ensure that the bed linen is always dry
- B. Frequently check the bed for wetness and keep it dry
- C. Place a rubber sheet under the client's buttocks
- D. Keep the patient clean and dry
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The best nursing goal for an incontinent elderly client with skin excoriation is to ensure that the bed linen is always dry. This helps in preventing further skin breakdown and promoting skin integrity. Choice B, to frequently check the bed for wetness and keep it dry, may not address the issue of prevention if the linen is not consistently dry. Choice C, placing a rubber sheet under the client's buttocks, focuses more on protecting the mattress rather than addressing the client's skin condition directly. Choice D, keeping the patient clean and dry, is important but does not specifically address the preventive aspect of maintaining dry bed linen.
3. Warfarin (Coumadin) is an anticoagulant and interferes with the action of:
- A. Platelets
- B. Vitamin K
- C. Calcium
- D. Vitamin B12
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vitamin K. Warfarin works by inhibiting the action of vitamin K, which is crucial for the synthesis of clotting factors in the blood. By interfering with vitamin K, warfarin decreases the production of these clotting factors, thereby prolonging the time it takes for blood to clot. This is why individuals on warfarin therapy need to monitor their vitamin K intake. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because warfarin does not directly interfere with platelets, calcium, or vitamin B12.
4. What is the antidote for Heparin?
- A. Protamine sulfate
- B. Narcan
- C. Romazicon
- D. Naloxone
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Protamine sulfate. Heparin is an anticoagulant medication used to prevent blood clots. In cases of overdose or excessive bleeding due to Heparin, protamine sulfate is administered as the specific antidote. Protamine sulfate works by neutralizing Heparin's anticoagulant activity. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Narcan (Naloxone) is used to reverse opioid overdose, Romazicon (Flumazenil) is used to reverse benzodiazepine overdose, and Naloxone is also used to reverse opioid overdose but is not the antidote for Heparin.
5. A client has a new prescription for Losartan. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse monitor?
- A. Serum potassium
- B. Serum sodium
- C. Serum calcium
- D. Serum magnesium
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Losartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), can cause hyperkalemia by affecting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Monitoring serum potassium levels is crucial to detect and manage any potential hyperkalemia, which can lead to serious cardiac arrhythmias. Monitoring serum sodium, calcium, or magnesium levels is not typically required when a patient is on Losartan unless there are specific indications or comorbidities that warrant such monitoring.
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