Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following symptoms is a client with colon cancer most likely to exhibit?

• A. A change in appetite
• B. A change in bowel habits
• C. An increase in body weight
• D. An increase in body temperature

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A change in bowel habits is the most common symptom of colon cancer.

2. A client presents to the emergency room, reporting that he has been vomiting every 30 to 40 minutes for the past 8 hours. Frequent vomiting puts him at risk for which of the following?

• A. Metabolic acidosis with hyperkalemia
• B. Metabolic acidosis with hypokalemia
• C. Metabolic alkalosis with hyperkalemia
• D. Metabolic alkalosis with hypokalemia

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Frequent vomiting can lead to metabolic alkalosis with hypokalemia due to the loss of stomach acid and electrolytes.

3. The nurse is reviewing the record of a client with Crohn’s disease. Which of the following stool characteristics would the nurse expect to note documented on the client’s record?

• A. Chronic constipation
• B. Diarrhea
• C. Constipation alternating with diarrhea
• D. Stool constantly oozing from the rectum

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Diarrhea is a common stool characteristic in clients with Crohn’s disease due to inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract.

4. The nurse is teaching the client how to perform a colostomy irrigation. To enhance the effectiveness of the irrigation and fecal returns, what measure should the nurse instruct the client to do?

• A. Increase fluid intake
• B. Reduce the amount of irrigation solution
• C. Perform the irrigation in the evening
• D. Place heat on the abdomen

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Increasing fluid intake helps to enhance the effectiveness of colostomy irrigation by softening the stool and promoting better fecal return.

5. When planning care for a client with ulcerative colitis who is experiencing symptoms, which client care activities can the nurse appropriately delegate to a unlicensed assistant?

• A. Assessing the client's bowel sounds
• B. Providing skin care following bowel movements
• C. Evaluating the client's response to antidiarrheal medications
• D. administration of pain medication every 4 hours

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Providing skin care following bowel movements, maintaining intake and output records, and obtaining the client's weight can be delegated to a unlicensed assistant.

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