Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is the measurement of the percentage of red blood cells in whole blood?

• A. Hematocrit
• B. Hemoglobin
• C. Mean corpuscular volume
• D. Reticulocyte count

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Hematocrit.' Hematocrit is the measurement of the percentage of red blood cells in whole blood. It is used to diagnose conditions such as anemia and dehydration. Choice B, 'Hemoglobin,' measures the amount of hemoglobin in the blood, not the percentage of red blood cells. Choice C, 'Mean corpuscular volume,' measures the average volume of a red blood cell, not the percentage of red blood cells. Choice D, 'Reticulocyte count,' measures the percentage of young red blood cells in the blood, not the percentage of red blood cells.

2. An occurrence of too high a concentration of which of the following electrolytes is associated with cardiac arrhythmias?

• A. chloride
• B. phosphorus
• C. potassium
• D. sodium

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is potassium. High levels of potassium in the blood, known as hyperkalemia, can lead to cardiac arrhythmias by affecting the electrical activity of the heart. This can disrupt the normal rhythm of the heart and lead to serious complications. Chloride, phosphorus, and sodium imbalances are not typically associated with cardiac arrhythmias, making them incorrect choices.

3. When does cell death first occur?

• A. At age 60.
• B. At age 50.
• C. At puberty.
• D. In the fetus.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Cell death, also known as apoptosis, first occurs during fetal development when specific cells are programmed to die. This process is essential for shaping and organizing tissues and organs. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because cell death begins much earlier, during fetal development, rather than later in life or at puberty. Understanding the timing of cell death in different stages of life is crucial in developmental biology.

4. Does the diaphragm separate the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?

• A. True
• B. False
• C. Not Sure
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: True. The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic cavity, which contains the heart and lungs, from the abdominopelvic cavity, which contains organs such as the stomach, liver, and intestines. It plays a crucial role in breathing by contracting and relaxing to help with the process of respiration. Therefore, the statement is accurate. Choice B is incorrect because the diaphragm indeed separates these two cavities. Choice C is incorrect as the information provided allows one to determine the correct answer. Choice D is incorrect as the correct answer is 'True.'

5. Is oxygen the primary raw material for new living material?

• A. TRUE
• B. FALSE
• C. Not Sure
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: B

Rationale: While oxygen is essential for many living organisms, it is not the primary raw material for new living material. The primary raw materials for new living material are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur, collectively known as CHNOPS elements. These elements are the building blocks of biological molecules and are essential for life. Therefore, the correct answer is False. Choices C and D are incorrect because the primary raw materials for new living material are well-established in biology.

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