Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is not a desirable blood lipid value?

• A. low total cholesterol
• B. high LDL
• C. high HDL
• D. low blood triglycerides

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. High levels of LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol are undesirable as they are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, low total cholesterol (choice A), high HDL (choice C), and low blood triglycerides (choice D) are considered desirable blood lipid values. Low total cholesterol is beneficial as high levels can increase the risk of heart disease. High HDL cholesterol is considered good as it helps remove LDL cholesterol from the arteries. Low blood triglycerides are also preferred as high levels are associated with an increased risk of heart disease.

2. A healthcare provider is assessing a client who has a stage III pressure ulcer that is healing poorly. The provider should identify that which of the following vitamin deficiencies increases the client’s risk for delayed wound healing?

• A. Vitamin C
• B. Vitamin D
• C. Vitamin E
• D. Vitamin B6

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Vitamin C deficiency can impair collagen synthesis and delay wound healing, making it crucial for recovery from pressure ulcers. Incorrect Rationales: - Vitamin D deficiency is associated with bone health, not specifically wound healing. - Vitamin E deficiency can lead to neurological and immune system issues but is not directly linked to delayed wound healing. - Vitamin B6 deficiency can cause skin rashes and neurological symptoms but is not a primary factor in delayed wound healing.

3. What stimulates bile secretion from the liver to the small intestine?

• A. Pepsin
• B. Salivary Amylase
• C. CCK
• D. Secretin

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Cholecystokinin (CCK) is the hormone that stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder into the small intestine, aiding in fat digestion. Pepsin is an enzyme in the stomach that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides, not involved in bile secretion. Salivary Amylase is an enzyme in saliva that initiates starch digestion in the mouth, not related to bile secretion. Secretin is a hormone that regulates the release of gastric juice in the stomach and triggers the pancreas to neutralize stomach acid in the small intestine, but it does not stimulate bile secretion.

4. Why might patients with periodontal disease require increased protein intake?

• A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related
• B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related
• C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct
• D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patients with periodontal disease may require increased protein intake due to the physiological response to inflammation and infection, which can negatively impact protein synthesis. Protein is essential for wound healing and tissue repair, and an infection can increase the body's protein requirements. Therefore, ensuring an adequate protein intake is particularly important for these patients. Choice A is correct because the statement and reason are both accurate and directly related to each other, supporting the increased protein needs in patients with periodontal disease. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately assess the relationship between the statement and the reason provided in the question.

5. A client with cholecystitis is being taught about required dietary modifications. Which of the following foods is appropriate for the client's diet?

• A. Creamed chicken
• B. Roast turkey
• C. Ice cream
• D. Macaroni and cheese

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Roast turkey is the most appropriate choice for a client with cholecystitis. Foods that are high in fat content, like creamed chicken, ice cream, and macaroni and cheese, should be avoided in cholecystitis as they can exacerbate symptoms due to the reduced ability of the gallbladder to process fats. Roast turkey is a leaner option that is better tolerated by individuals with cholecystitis.

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