Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is an example of a macro-level health policy?

• A. Local health ordinances
• B. State licensing regulations
• C. National healthcare legislation
• D. Institutional policies

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is national healthcare legislation. This type of policy operates at a broad level, influencing healthcare delivery and financing across an entire nation. It sets overarching frameworks and regulations that impact various aspects of the healthcare system on a large scale, affecting a wide population rather than specific localities or institutions. Choices A, B, and D are not examples of macro-level health policy. Local health ordinances pertain to specific areas or communities, state licensing regulations focus on a state level, and institutional policies are internal regulations of a particular healthcare facility.

2. What is the primary focus of case management in nursing?

• A. Direct patient care
• B. Resource management
• C. Financial planning
• D. Quality assurance

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The primary focus of case management in nursing is direct patient care, which involves providing and coordinating services for patients. While resource management, financial planning, and quality assurance are important aspects of healthcare, they are not the primary focus of case management. Resource management deals with optimizing resources, financial planning involves managing financial aspects, and quality assurance focuses on maintaining high standards of care.

3. Which of the following are essential components of strategic planning? (Select all that apply.)

• A. Values
• B. Vision & Mission statements
• C. Reengineering
• D. A & B

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Values and vision and mission statements are indeed essential components of strategic planning. Values help define the organization's core beliefs and principles, guiding its decisions and actions. Vision and mission statements articulate the organization's goals, purpose, and direction, serving as a roadmap for strategic planning and decision-making. Reengineering is not a core component of strategic planning; it involves the redesign of processes to improve performance, efficiency, and quality. Therefore, option C is incorrect. The correct answer is D because both values and vision and mission statements play crucial roles in shaping an organization's strategic planning process.

4. After receiving change-of-shift report, which patient should the nurse assess first?

• A. 19-year-old with type 1 diabetes who has a hemoglobin A1C of 12%
• B. 23-year-old with type 1 diabetes who has a blood glucose of 40 mg/dL
• C. 40-year-old who is pregnant and has an oral glucose tolerance test result of 202 mg/dL
• D. 50-year-old who uses exenatide (Byetta) and is complaining of acute abdominal pain

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the patient with a blood glucose level of 40 mg/dL (hypoglycemia) needs immediate attention. Hypoglycemia is an emergency situation that requires prompt intervention to prevent adverse effects such as seizures or loss of consciousness. Assessing and managing this patient first is crucial to prevent further deterioration. Choices A, C, and D do not present immediate life-threatening situations requiring urgent intervention like severe hypoglycemia does. While a high hemoglobin A1C level (choice A), an abnormal oral glucose tolerance test result (choice C), and acute abdominal pain (choice D) are important issues, they do not pose an immediate threat to the patient's life compared to severe hypoglycemia.

5. Which of the following is a key principle of the patient-centered care model?

• A. Healthcare provider satisfaction
• B. Cost reduction
• C. Patient autonomy
• D. Provider convenience

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Patient autonomy. Patient-centered care focuses on respecting and responding to patient preferences and needs, making patient autonomy a key principle. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the patient-centered care model prioritizes the patient's well-being and involvement in decision-making over healthcare provider satisfaction, cost reduction, or provider convenience.

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