ATI RN
ATI Pathophysiology Exam 3
1. Which of the following hormones do the kidneys secrete to increase red blood cell production?
- A. Erythropoietin
- B. Insulin and glycogen
- C. Testosterone
- D. Thyroid stimulating hormone
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Erythropoietin. The kidneys produce erythropoietin to stimulate the production of red blood cells. Insulin and glycogen are not hormones secreted by the kidneys; insulin is produced by the pancreas, and glycogen is a stored form of glucose. Testosterone is a hormone primarily produced by the testes in males and to a lesser extent in females. Thyroid stimulating hormone is produced by the pituitary gland to regulate thyroid function, not red blood cell production.
2. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new prescription for digoxin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Avoid taking this medication with antacids.
- B. Contact your provider if you experience visual changes.
- C. Increase your intake of foods high in potassium.
- D. You may experience increased urination while taking this medication.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Contact your provider if you experience visual changes.' Visual changes, such as blurred or yellow vision, can indicate digoxin toxicity and should be reported immediately to the healthcare provider for further evaluation and management. Choice A is incorrect because digoxin can be taken with antacids. Choice C is incorrect because increasing potassium intake can lead to hyperkalemia when taking digoxin. Choice D is incorrect because increased urination is not a common side effect of digoxin.
3. Which term best describes the sharing of common characteristics that differentiate one group from other groups in a society?
- A. Race
- B. Culture
- C. Ethnicity
- D. Superiority
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Ethnicity refers to the shared characteristics such as nationality, culture, language, and beliefs that differentiate one group from another.
4. A healthcare provider is reviewing a client's lab results. Which of the following lab values should the provider report?
- A. Magnesium 1.9 mEq/L
- B. Potassium 3.6 mEq/L
- C. Sodium 126 mEq/L
- D. Chloride 99 mEq/L
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Sodium 126 mEq/L. A sodium level of 126 mEq/L is below the normal range, indicating hyponatremia, which can have serious health implications and should be reported to the healthcare provider for further evaluation and intervention. Choices A, B, and D are within or close to the normal ranges for magnesium, potassium, and chloride, respectively, and do not require immediate reporting as they are not significantly abnormal.
5. Which of the following clinical findings in a 51-year-old woman is consistent with Graves disease?
- A. Thin hair, exophthalmos, hyperreflexia, and pretibial edema.
- B. Thin hair, exophthalmos, weight gain, and constipation.
- C. Thick hair, bradycardia, weight loss, and dry skin.
- D. Thick hair, bradycardia, weight gain, and constipation.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The clinical findings of thin hair, exophthalmos (bulging eyes), hyperreflexia, and pretibial edema are classic manifestations of Graves disease, an autoimmune condition that results in hyperthyroidism. Choice B is incorrect because weight gain and constipation are more indicative of hypothyroidism, not hyperthyroidism seen in Graves disease. Choice C is incorrect as the symptoms described are more characteristic of hypothyroidism, not hyperthyroidism. Choice D is also incorrect as the symptoms listed are not consistent with Graves disease but rather suggest hypothyroidism.
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