Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following dietary measures would be useful in preventing esophageal reflux?

• A. Eating small, frequent meals
• B. Increasing fluid intake
• C. Avoiding air swallowing with meals
• D. Adding a bedtime snack to the dietary plan

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Eating small, frequent meals helps prevent esophageal reflux.

2. A client has been diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease. The nurse interprets that the client has dysfunction of which of the following parts of the digestive system?

• A. Chief cells of the stomach
• B. Parietal cells of the stomach
• C. Lower esophageal sphincter
• D. Upper esophageal sphincter

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The lower esophageal sphincter is a functional sphincter that normally remains closed except when food or fluids are swallowed. If relaxation of this sphincter occurs, the client could experience symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease.

3. A nurse is giving dietary instructions to a client who has a new colostomy. The nurse encourages the client to eat foods representing which of the following diets for the first 4 to 6 weeks postoperatively?

• A. High-protein
• B. High-carbohydrate
• C. Low-calorie
• D. Low-residue

Correct answer: D

Rationale: For the first 4 to 6 weeks following colostomy formation, the client should take in a low-residue diet. Following this period, the client should eat a high-carbohydrate, high-protein diet. The nurse also instructs the client to add new foods, one at a time, to determine tolerance to that food.

4. You’re caring for Carin who has just had ileostomy surgery. During the first 24 hours post-op, how much drainage can you expect from the ileostomy?

• A. 100 ml
• B. 500 ml
• C. 1500 ml
• D. 5000 ml

Correct answer: C

Rationale: During the first 24 hours post-op, you can expect about 1500 ml of drainage from the ileostomy.

5. Which of the following conditions is most likely to directly cause peritonitis?

• A. Cholelithiasis
• B. Gastritis
• C. Perforated ulcer
• D. Incarcerated hernia

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A perforated ulcer is most likely to directly cause peritonitis due to the leakage of gastric contents into the peritoneal cavity.

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