which of the following definitions best describes diverticulosis

ATI RN

ATI Gastrointestinal System Quizlet

1. Which of the following definitions best describes diverticulosis?

A. An inflamed outpouching of the intestine
B. A noninflamed outpouching of the intestine
C. The partial impairment of the forward flow of intestinal contents
D. An abnormal protrusion of an organ through the structure that usually holds it

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'A noninflamed outpouching of the intestine.' Diverticulosis refers to the presence of small, bulging pouches (diverticula) that can form in the lining of the digestive system, especially the colon. These pouches are typically noninflamed. Choice A is incorrect because it describes diverticulitis, which is the inflammation of these pouches. Choice C is incorrect as it defines bowel obstruction, not diverticulosis. Choice D is incorrect as it refers to a hernia, not diverticulosis.

2. Donald is a 61 y.o. man with diverticulitis. Diverticulitis is characterized by:

A. Periodic rectal hemorrhage.
B. Hypertension and tachycardia.
C. Vomiting and elevated temperature.
D. Crampy and lower left quadrant pain and low-grade fever.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Diverticulitis is characterized by crampy lower left quadrant pain and a low-grade fever.

3. Jason, a 22 y.o. accident victim, requires an NG tube for feeding. What should you immediately do after inserting an NG tube for liquid enteral feedings?

A. Aspirate for gastric secretions with a syringe.
B. Begin feeding slowly to prevent cramping.
C. Get an X-ray of the tip of the tube within 24 hours.
D. Clamp off the tube until the feedings begin.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Immediately after inserting an NG tube for enteral feedings, aspirate for gastric secretions to confirm proper placement.

4. Which of the following would be an expected nutritional outcome for a client who has undergone a subtotal gastrectomy for cancer?

A. Regain weight loss within 1 month after surgery
B. Resume normal dietary intake of three meals per day
C. Control nausea and vomiting through regular use of antiemetics
D. Achieve optimal nutritional status through oral or parenteral feedings

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Achieving optimal nutritional status through oral or parenteral feedings is an expected nutritional outcome for a client who has undergone a subtotal gastrectomy for cancer.

5. The nurse is monitoring a client admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of appendicitis. The client is scheduled for surgery for 2 hours. The client begins to complain of increases abdominal pain and begins to vomit. On assessment the nurse notes that the abdomen distended and bowel sounds are diminished. Which of the following is the most appropriate nursing intervention?

A. Administer the prescribed pain medication.
B. Notify the physician.
C. Call and ask the operating room team to perform the surgery as soon as possible.
D. Reposition the client and apply a heating pad on warm setting to the client’s abdomen.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Based on the signs and symptoms presented in the question, the nurse should suspect peritonitis and should notify the physician. Administering pain medication is not an appropriate intervention. Heat should never be applied to the abdomen of a client with suspected appendicitis. Scheduling surgical time is not within the scope of nursing practice, although the physician probably would perform the surgery earlier than the prescheduled time.