Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following best describes the method of action of medications, such as ranitidine (Zantac), which are used in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease?

• A. Neutralize acid
• B. Reduce acid secretions
• C. Stimulate gastrin release
• D. Protect the mucosal barrier

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Medications like ranitidine (Zantac) are H2 receptor antagonists that reduce acid secretions in the stomach, helping to treat peptic ulcer disease.

2. Which of the following factors is believed to cause ulcerative colitis?

• A. Acidic diet
• B. Altered immunity
• C. Chronic constipation
• D. Emotional stress

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Ulcerative colitis is believed to be caused by an altered immune response in the gastrointestinal tract.

3. The nurse is caring for a client with chronic gastritis. The nurse monitors the client, knowing that this client is at risk for which of the following vitamin deficiencies?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin B12
• C. Vitamin C
• D. Vitamin E

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Clients with chronic gastritis are at risk for Vitamin B12 deficiency due to impaired absorption.

4. A client has been taking aluminum hydroxide 30 mL six times per day at home to treat his peptic ulcer. He tells the nurse that he has been unable to have a bowel movement for 3 days. Based on this information, the nurse would determine that which of the following is the most likely cause of the client’s constipation?

• A. The client has not been including enough fiber in his diet
• B. The client needs to increase his daily exercise
• C. The client is experiencing a side effect of the aluminum hydroxide.
• D. The client has developed a gastrointestinal obstruction.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The client is experiencing a common side effect of aluminum hydroxide, which is constipation.

5. A patient with chronic alcohol abuse is admitted with liver failure. You closely monitor the patient’s blood pressure because of which change that is associated with the liver failure?

• A. Hypoalbuminemia
• B. Increased capillary permeability
• C. Abnormal peripheral vasodilation
• D. Excess rennin release from the kidneys

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Abnormal peripheral vasodilation is a change associated with liver failure that requires close monitoring of the patient's blood pressure.

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