Nursing Elites

1. Which metabolic disease is characterized by poor healing, severe forms of periodontal disease, necrosis, xerostomia, and candidiasis?

• A. Hypopituitarism
• B. Diabetes mellitus
• C. Hyperthyroidism
• D. Renal disease

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Diabetes mellitus is the correct answer. It is associated with poor wound healing, severe periodontal disease, tissue necrosis, dry mouth (xerostomia), and an increased susceptibility to oral infections like candidiasis. Hypopituitarism, hyperthyroidism, and renal disease are not typically linked to the specific oral manifestations described in the question.

2. What are the potential consequences of damage to the stomach?

• A. Reduced digestion of carbohydrates
• B. Inability to produce or secrete bile
• C. Inability to produce or secrete gastric acid
• D. Increased ability to produce or secrete intrinsic factor

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Damage to the stomach can lead to a reduced ability to produce gastric acid (Choice C) and intrinsic factor, the latter of which is crucial for vitamin B12 absorption (Choice D). That's why these two choices are correct. The stomach doesn't play a direct role in the digestion of carbohydrates (Choice A) as this process primarily occurs in the small intestine with the help of pancreatic enzymes. Similarly, bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, not the stomach, hence stomach damage wouldn't lead to an inability to produce or secrete bile (Choice B).

3. Mr. CKK is unconscious and was brought to the E.R. Who among the following can give consent for CKK's operation?

• A. Doctor
• B. Nurse
• C. Next of Kin
• D. The Patient

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In the scenario described, when a patient is unconscious and unable to provide consent, the responsibility usually falls on the physician to make decisions regarding the patient's treatment, including obtaining consent for an operation. While nurses play a crucial role in patient care, they typically do not have the authority to provide consent for a major procedure. The next of kin may be consulted for input, but the ultimate decision-making authority lies with the physician. The patient, being unconscious, is unable to provide consent in this situation.

4. During the first six months of lactation, a breastfeeding mother is advised to consume how many extra kcalories per day to meet energy needs?

• A. 250
• B. 330
• C. 400
• D. 470

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A breastfeeding mother is advised to consume an additional 330 kcalories per day during the first six months to support milk production and meet increased energy needs.

5. What type of gastrointestinal complication is most likely to be caused by the use of antibiotics to treat H. pylori infection?

• A. Hemoptysis
• B. Altered taste sensation
• C. Flatulence
• D. Bloody stools

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Altered taste sensation. The use of antibiotics is known to cause changes in taste sensation as a side effect, especially when used to treat H. pylori infections. Hemoptysis (Choice A) refers to coughing up blood, and while it can be a symptom of various conditions, it is not typically associated with the use of antibiotics. Flatulence (Choice C) and bloody stools (Choice D) can also occur as gastrointestinal complications, but they are not the most likely side effect when treating H. pylori with antibiotics. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect.

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