Nursing Elites

1. Which metabolic disease is characterized by poor healing, severe forms of periodontal disease, necrosis, xerostomia, and candidiasis?

• A. Hypopituitarism
• B. Diabetes mellitus
• C. Hyperthyroidism
• D. Renal disease

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Diabetes mellitus is the correct answer. It is associated with poor wound healing, severe periodontal disease, tissue necrosis, dry mouth (xerostomia), and an increased susceptibility to oral infections like candidiasis. Hypopituitarism, hyperthyroidism, and renal disease are not typically linked to the specific oral manifestations described in the question.

2. In which of the following conditions does a person need to sit, stand, or use multiple pillows when lying down?

• A. Orthopnea
• B. Dyspnea
• C. Eupnea
• D. Apnea

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Orthopnea. Orthopnea is a medical condition in which a person has difficulty breathing while lying down. To alleviate this difficulty, the person may need to sit, stand, or use multiple pillows. On the other hand, Dyspnea refers to general shortness of breath which is not specifically related to the position of the body. Eupnea is the term for normal, unlabored breathing, and Apnea is a condition characterized by the cessation of breathing. Thus, none of these other choices directly relate to the need to adjust body position or use aids like multiple pillows to breathe comfortably when lying down.

3. The law which regulated the practice of nursing profession in the Philippines is:

• A. R.A 9173
• B. LOI 949
• C. Patient’s Bill of Rights
• D. Code of Ethics for Nurses

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

4. Following bariatric surgery, a patient would initially be given what type of diet?

• A. regular diet
• B. pureed diet
• C. clear liquid diet
• D. soft diet

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A clear liquid diet is typically the first step after bariatric surgery to allow the stomach to heal and prevent complications.

5. Why are LDLs known as the 'bad' type of cholesterol?

• A. LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) is considered 'bad' cholesterol because it deposits cholesterol on the walls of arteries, leading to plaque formation and narrowing of the arteries (atherosclerosis).
• B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related
• C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct
• D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct

Correct answer: A

Rationale: LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) is known as the 'bad' type of cholesterol because it deposits cholesterol on the walls of arteries, leading to plaque formation and narrowing of the arteries (atherosclerosis). This narrowing can restrict blood flow and increase the risk of serious cardiovascular conditions. The statement and the reason are directly related because the adherence of LDL to arterial walls and the subsequent narrowing of the lumen are the primary reasons why it is considered detrimental to heart health. Choice B is incorrect because the statement and reason are related. Choice C is incorrect because both the statement and the reason are correct. Choice D is incorrect because the statement correctly identifies LDL as the 'bad' type of cholesterol due to its actions in the arteries.

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