Nursing Elites

1. Which immunization is typically administered at birth?

• A. Hepatitis B
• B. DTaP
• C. MMR
• D. Varicella

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Hepatitis B. The Hepatitis B vaccine is usually given at birth to protect against hepatitis B, a virus that can lead to chronic liver disease and liver cancer. This vaccination is crucial for newborns, especially those born to mothers who are carriers of hepatitis B. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because DTaP (B), MMR (C), and Varicella (D) vaccines are not typically administered at birth. DTaP is given in a series starting at 2 months, MMR is usually given around 12-15 months, and Varicella is given between 12-15 months of age.

2. Which is a consequence of the physical punishment of children, such as spanking?

• A. The psychological impact is usually minimal.
• B. The child's development of reasoning increases.
• C. Children rarely become accustomed to spanking.
• D. Misbehavior is likely to occur when parents are not present.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Physical punishment, such as spanking, may result in children misbehaving when parents are not present, as it does not teach appropriate behavior or self-regulation.

3. A child is admitted for minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS). The nurse recognizes that the child’s prognosis is related to what factor?

• A. Admission blood pressure
• B. Creatinine clearance
• C. Amount of protein in urine
• D. Response to steroid therapy

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The prognosis for children with MCNS is closely related to their response to steroid therapy. A favorable response to steroids usually indicates a better prognosis, while poor response may require alternative treatments and can indicate a more complicated disease course.

4. Which is the leading cause of death in infants younger than 1 year in the United States?

• A. Congenital anomalies
• B. Sudden infant death syndrome
• C. Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight
• D. Maternal complications specific to the perinatal period

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Congenital anomalies are the leading cause of death in infants younger than 1 year in the United States.

5. An anxious 12-year-old child receives an injection from the nurse and sighs with relief when it is done. After a moment of reflection, the girl asks the nurse, 'Is it hard to give someone an injection?' This child’s question is evidence that the child has developed which cognitive skill?

• A. Conservation
• B. Accommodation
• C. Decentering
• D. Class inclusion

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Decentering. Decentering is the ability to consider multiple aspects of a situation, which the child's question demonstrates. In this scenario, the child's question shows that she is thinking beyond her own experience and considering the difficulty or complexity of giving an injection from the nurse's perspective. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Conservation refers to understanding that certain properties of an object remain the same despite changes in its appearance. Accommodation is the process of adjusting existing knowledge or creating new mental categories to incorporate new information. Class inclusion involves understanding the relationship between a whole set and its subsets, which is not demonstrated in the child's question.

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