which fatty acid has carbons connected by two or more double bonds

ATI RN

Nutrition ATI Proctored Exam

1. Which type of fatty acid has carbon atoms connected by two or more double bonds?

A. Saturated fatty acids
B. Monounsaturated fatty acids
C. Trans fatty acids
D. Polyunsaturated fatty acids

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Polyunsaturated fatty acids. Polyunsaturated fatty acids have two or more double bonds in their carbon chains, making them less stable and more prone to oxidation. This characteristic distinguishes them from saturated fatty acids (Choice A), which have single bonds between carbon atoms providing stability. Monounsaturated fatty acids (Choice B) contain only one double bond, and trans fatty acids (Choice C) can have varying numbers of double bonds but are not specifically defined by having two or more double bonds.

2. What activities best describe the work of the placenta during pregnancy?

A. surrounding and cushioning the fetus
B. combining maternal and fetal blood stores to exchange nutrients
C. producing hormones that maintain the pregnancy
D. absorbing vitamins and minerals that can be transferred to the fetus

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The placenta plays a crucial role in producing hormones that are necessary for maintaining pregnancy, supporting fetal development, and preparing the mother's body for childbirth. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the placenta's primary function is not to surround and cushion the fetus, combine blood stores for nutrient exchange, or absorb vitamins and minerals. While the placenta does facilitate the exchange of nutrients and oxygen between the mother and fetus, its hormone production is the most critical function during pregnancy.

3. A nurse is caring for a client who has a body mass index (BMI) of 30. Four weeks after nutritional counseling, which of the following evaluation findings indicates the plan of care was followed?

A. BMI of 25
B. Weight gain of 1.8 kg
C. BMI of 33
D. Weight loss of 2.7 kg

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A weight loss of 2.7 kg in four weeks indicates effective adherence to a nutritional plan aimed at reducing body mass index (BMI), moving towards a healthier weight. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because a decrease in weight, as shown in choice D, is the desired outcome when managing a client with a BMI of 30 to reach a healthier range.

4. Which consumption pattern of fermentable carbohydrate is considered most cariogenic?

A. A single exposure to a large quantity
B. A single exposure to a small quantity
C. Multiple exposures of small quantities
D. Multiple exposures followed by chewing sugarless gum

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Multiple exposures of small quantities are considered most cariogenic. The total amount of dietary fermentable carbohydrate seems to matter less than the form and frequency in which it is consumed. Having multiple exposures of even small quantities of fermentable carbohydrate throughout the day promotes a highly cariogenic environment in the mouth. Choices A and B, involving single exposures, are less cariogenic as they do not sustain the fermentation process over time. Choice D suggests a beneficial practice by chewing sugarless gum after exposures, which can reduce the risk, making it less cariogenic compared to multiple exposures of small quantities.