Nursing Elites

1. Which mineral is important in hemoglobin production?

• A. Sodium
• B. Iodine
• C. Iron
• D. Chloride

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Iron (Fe) is a critical mineral in hemoglobin production. Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that is essential for transporting oxygen throughout the body. Sodium (Choice A), Iodine (Choice B), and Chloride (Choice D) are not directly involved in hemoglobin production. Sodium is an electrolyte that helps maintain fluid balance, Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone production, and Chloride is an electrolyte that helps regulate fluid balance and acidity in the body.

2. A nurse is caring for a patient who requires measurement of specific gravity every 4 hours. What does this test detect?

• A. Nutritional deficit
• B. Hyperkalemia
• C. Hypercalcemia
• D. Fluid volume status

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Specific gravity is a test used to determine the concentration of solutes in the urine, reflecting the kidney's ability to concentrate urine. Changes in specific gravity can indicate fluid volume status, such as dehydration (fluid volume deficit) or overhydration (fluid volume excess). Options A, B, and C are incorrect as specific gravity does not directly detect nutritional deficits, hyperkalemia, or hypercalcemia.

3. After providing discharge teaching, a nurse assesses the clients understanding regarding increased risk for metabolic alkalosis. Which statement indicates the client needs additional teaching?

• A. . I dont drink milk because it gives me gas and diarrhea
• B. I have been taking digoxin every day for the last 15 years
• C. . I take sodium bicarbonate after every meal to prevent heartburn
• D. In hot weather, I sweat so much that I drink six glasses of water each day.

Correct answer: C

Rationale:

4. A nurse in the medical-surgical unit has a newly admitted patient who is oliguric; the acute care nurse practitioner orders a fluid challenge of 100 to 200 mL of normal saline solution over 15 minutes. The nurse is aware this intervention will help:

• A. Distinguish hyponatremia from hypernatremia
• B. Evaluate pituitary gland function
• C. Distinguish reduced renal blood flow from decreased renal function
• D. Provide an effective treatment for hypertension-induced oliguria

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Administering a fluid challenge in oliguric patients helps to distinguish reduced renal blood flow from decreased renal function. This intervention aids in determining whether the oliguria is due to reduced renal blood flow (such as in fluid volume deficit or prerenal azotemia) or decreased renal function (such as in acute tubular necrosis). The response to this challenge can indicate the underlying cause. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the purpose of a fluid challenge in oliguric patients.

5. You are called to your patients room by a family member who voices concern about the patients status. On assessment, you find the patient tachypnic, lethargic, weak, and exhibiting a diminished cognitive ability. You also find 3+ pitting edema. What electrolyte imbalance is the most plausible cause of this patients signs and symptoms?

• A. Hypocalcemia
• B. Hyponatremia
• C. Hyperchloremia
• D. Hypophosphatemia

Correct answer: C

Rationale:

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