Nursing Elites

1. Where would nonpathologic cyanosis normally be present in the newborn shortly after birth?

• A. Feet and hands
• B. Bridge of nose
• C. Circumoral area
• D. Mucous membranes

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Nonpathologic cyanosis in newborns shortly after birth is typically present in the feet and hands, known as acrocyanosis. This is a normal finding due to the immature peripheral circulation in newborns. Cyanosis of the bridge of the nose, circumoral area, and mucous membranes indicates generalized cyanosis, which suggests a potential underlying distress or major abnormality. Therefore, choice A is correct as it describes the expected location for nonpathologic cyanosis in newborns, while choices B, C, and D represent areas associated with abnormal cyanosis.

2. What test is used to screen for carbohydrate malabsorption?

• A. Stool pH
• B. Urine ketones
• C. C urea breath test
• D. ELISA stool assay

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Stool pH testing is used to screen for carbohydrate malabsorption. A low pH indicates the presence of unabsorbed carbohydrates, which are fermented by bacteria, leading to acidic stool.

3. A child is admitted with acute glomerulonephritis. What should the nurse expect the urinalysis during this acute phase to show?

• A. Bacteriuria and hematuria
• B. Hematuria and proteinuria
• C. Bacteriuria and increased specific gravity
• D. Proteinuria and decreased specific gravity

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Hematuria (blood in the urine) and proteinuria (protein in the urine) are common findings in acute glomerulonephritis due to inflammation of the glomeruli. Bacteriuria and changes in specific gravity are not as directly associated with this condition.

4. The nurse is testing an infant's visual acuity. By which age should the infant be able to fix on and follow a target?

• A. 1 month
• B. 1 to 2 months
• C. 3 to 4 months
• D. 6 months

Correct answer: C

Rationale: By 3 to 4 months of age, an infant should be able to fix on and follow a target, indicating proper visual development.

5. What is an appropriate play activity for a 7-month-old infant to encourage visual stimulation?

• A. Playing peek-a-boo
• B. Playing pat-a-cake
• C. Imitating animal sounds
• D. Showing how to clap hands

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Playing peek-a-boo is an ideal play activity for a 7-month-old as it encourages visual tracking and social interaction, which are key developmental milestones at this age.

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