Nursing Elites

1. Which data should be included in a health history?

• A. Review of systems
• B. Physical assessment
• C. Growth measurements
• D. Record of vital signs

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The review of systems is a critical part of a health history, helping to identify any symptoms or conditions that need further evaluation.

2. A nurse is working with the local community on promoting physical fitness for children. The nurse encourages the community to develop programs that meet the needs of the school-aged child for physical activity, based on the understanding that this age group requires how much physical activity daily?

• A. 30 minutes
• B. 60 minutes
• C. 90 minutes
• D. 15 minutes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 60 minutes. School-aged children require at least 60 minutes of physical activity daily according to recommendations. This level of activity helps in promoting overall health, development, and well-being. Choice A (30 minutes) is incorrect as it falls short of the recommended duration. Choice C (90 minutes) is excessive and not the standard guideline for this age group. Choice D (15 minutes) is insufficient to meet the physical activity needs of school-aged children.

3. A child has a nasogastric (NG) tube after surgery for Hirschsprung disease. What is the purpose of the NG tube?

• A. Prevent the spread of infection.
• B. Monitor electrolyte balance.
• C. Prevent abdominal distention.
• D. Maintain accurate records of output.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The primary purpose of an NG tube post-surgery for Hirschsprung disease is to prevent abdominal distention by decompressing the stomach and intestines. This helps prevent complications and promotes healing.

4. Which of the following conditions is characterized by a 'machine-like' murmur in children?

• A. Patent ductus arteriosus
• B. Ventricular septal defect
• C. Atrial septal defect
• D. Coarctation of the aorta

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Patent ductus arteriosus. This condition is characterized by a continuous 'machine-like' murmur due to abnormal blood flow between the aorta and pulmonary artery. Ventricular septal defect (choice B) is characterized by a harsh holosystolic murmur, atrial septal defect (choice C) typically presents with a fixed split S2 and a pulmonary flow murmur, and coarctation of the aorta (choice D) is associated with a systolic murmur in the back and bilateral lower extremities.

5. Several types of long-term central venous access devices are used. What is a benefit of using an implanted port (e.g., Port-a-Cath)?

• A. You do not need to pierce the skin for access.
• B. It is easy to use for self-administered infusions.
• C. The patient does not need to limit regular physical activity, including swimming.
• D. The catheter cannot dislodge from the port even if the child plays with the port site.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Implanted ports like the Port-a-Cath are fully implanted under the skin, allowing the child to maintain regular physical activities, including swimming, without the risk of dislodging the catheter. Piercing the skin is still required for access, and self-administration is more complex.

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