Nursing Elites

1. Which condition is most commonly associated with a 'sunset sign' in infants?

• A. Hydrocephalus
• B. Meningitis
• C. Cerebral palsy
• D. Encephalitis

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The 'sunset sign,' characterized by downward-driven eyes, is most commonly associated with hydrocephalus. This condition causes increased intracranial pressure, leading to the eyes appearing to be forced downward. Meningitis (choice B) typically presents with symptoms such as fever, headache, and a stiff neck, but not the 'sunset sign.' Cerebral palsy (choice C) is a group of disorders affecting movement and muscle coordination, not directly related to the 'sunset sign.' Encephalitis (choice D) is inflammation of the brain, which can cause symptoms like fever, headache, and confusion, but not the specific downward eye gaze seen in the 'sunset sign.'

2. What is the primary treatment goal for a child with juvenile idiopathic arthritis?

• A. Pain management
• B. Cure of the disease
• C. Reduction of joint deformity
• D. Physical therapy

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The primary treatment goal for a child with juvenile idiopathic arthritis is pain management. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is a chronic condition with no known cure, making pain management crucial to improve the quality of life for these children. While reducing joint deformity and physical therapy are important aspects of managing the condition, the primary focus is on alleviating pain and improving function.

3. How is family systems theory best described?

• A. The family is viewed as the sum of individual members
• B. A change in one family member cannot create a change in other members
• C. Individual family members are readily identified as the source of a problem
• D. When the family system is disrupted, change can occur at any point in the system

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Family systems theory views the family as a whole, where changes in one member affect the entire system, and changes can occur at any point within the system.

4. Which immunization is typically administered at birth?

• A. Hepatitis B
• B. DTaP
• C. MMR
• D. Varicella

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Hepatitis B. The Hepatitis B vaccine is usually given at birth to protect against hepatitis B, a virus that can lead to chronic liver disease and liver cancer. This vaccination is crucial for newborns, especially those born to mothers who are carriers of hepatitis B. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because DTaP (B), MMR (C), and Varicella (D) vaccines are not typically administered at birth. DTaP is given in a series starting at 2 months, MMR is usually given around 12-15 months, and Varicella is given between 12-15 months of age.

5. During a routine health assessment, the nurse notes that an 8-month-old infant has a significant head lag. Which is the most appropriate action?

• A. Recheck head control at the next visit
• B. Teach the parents appropriate exercises
• C. Schedule the child for further evaluation
• D. Refer the child for further evaluation if the anterior fontanel is still open

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Significant head lag at 8 months is concerning and warrants further evaluation, as it may indicate developmental delays or neurological issues.

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