Nursing Elites

1. Which condition is most commonly associated with a 'sunset sign' in infants?

• A. Hydrocephalus
• B. Meningitis
• C. Cerebral palsy
• D. Encephalitis

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The 'sunset sign,' characterized by downward-driven eyes, is most commonly associated with hydrocephalus. This condition causes increased intracranial pressure, leading to the eyes appearing to be forced downward. Meningitis (choice B) typically presents with symptoms such as fever, headache, and a stiff neck, but not the 'sunset sign.' Cerebral palsy (choice C) is a group of disorders affecting movement and muscle coordination, not directly related to the 'sunset sign.' Encephalitis (choice D) is inflammation of the brain, which can cause symptoms like fever, headache, and confusion, but not the specific downward eye gaze seen in the 'sunset sign.'

2. Why is it difficult to assess a child’s dietary intake?

• A. No systematic assessment tool has been developed
• B. Biochemical analysis for assessing nutrition is expensive
• C. Families usually do not understand much about nutrition
• D. Recall of food consumption is frequently unreliable

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Recall of food intake, especially amounts eaten, is often unreliable. While systematic tools like the 24-hour recall and dietary history questionnaires exist, recall can still be challenging in accurately assessing a child's dietary intake. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because systematic assessment tools do exist, biochemical analysis is not the primary method for dietary assessment, and families' understanding of nutrition may vary but is not the main reason for the difficulty in assessing a child's dietary intake.

3. At a well-child visit, parents ask the nurse how to know if a daycare facility is a good choice for their infant. Which observation should the nurse stress as especially important to consider when making the selection?

• A. Developmentally appropriate toys
• B. Nutritious snacks served to the children
• C. Handwashing by providers after diaper changes
• D. Certified caregivers for each of the age groups at the facility

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Ensuring that providers practice proper handwashing after diaper changes is crucial in preventing the spread of infections and maintaining a hygienic environment for the infants.

4. What condition is often associated with severe diarrhea?

• A. Metabolic acidosis
• B. Metabolic alkalosis
• C. Respiratory acidosis
• D. Respiratory alkalosis

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Severe diarrhea can lead to a loss of bicarbonate, resulting in metabolic acidosis. This is a common complication of prolonged or severe diarrhea, especially in children.

5. The nurse is providing education to the parent of a child with Beta-thalassemia. Which risk factors about the condition should the nurse include in the teaching?

• A. Hypertrophy of the thyroid
• B. Polycythemia vera
• C. Thrombocytopenia
• D. Chronic hypoxia and iron overload

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Chronic hypoxia and iron overload. Children with Beta-thalassemia often suffer from chronic hypoxia due to ineffective erythropoiesis and require frequent blood transfusions, leading to iron overload. These complications must be managed to prevent organ damage. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Hypertrophy of the thyroid, polycythemia vera, and thrombocytopenia are not direct risk factors associated with Beta-thalassemia. Therefore, they should not be included in the teaching regarding this condition.

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