ATI RN
ATI Pediatric Proctored Exam 2023
1. Which clinical manifestations should the nurse anticipate when assessing a child admitted to the hospital unit with a diagnosis of minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS)?
- A. Massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema
- B. Hematuria, bacteriuria, and weight gain
- C. Decreased urine specific gravity and increased urinary output
- D. Gross hematuria, albuminuria, and fever
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) is characterized by massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema. Proteinuria results from the loss of proteins, particularly albumin, in the urine, leading to hypoalbuminemia. The low oncotic pressure due to hypoalbuminemia causes fluid to shift into the interstitial spaces, resulting in edema. These clinical manifestations are classic signs of MCNS and help differentiate it from other renal conditions.
2. A healthcare professional is preparing to administer an autologous blood product to a client. Which of the following actions should the professional take to identify the client?
- A. Match the client's blood type with the type and cross-match specimens
- B. Confirm the provider's prescription matches the number on the blood component
- C. Ask the client to state their blood type and the date of their last blood donation
- D. Ensure that the client's identification band matches the number on the blood unit
Correct answer: Match the client's blood type with the type and cross-match specimens
Rationale: When preparing to administer an autologous blood product, it is crucial to correctly identify the client to prevent errors. Matching the client's blood type with the type and cross-match specimens ensures that the blood product is intended for the correct recipient. This step helps in verifying the patient's identity and avoiding any transfusion-related complications. Confirming the blood type through type and cross-matching is a standard practice to ensure patient safety during blood transfusions.
3. Who is the first individual in the combat health support chain to make medically substantiated decisions based on military occupational specialty-specific medical training?
- A. Physician
- B. Physician assistant
- C. Combat medic
- D. Combat lifesaver
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Physician assistant.' Physician assistants are trained to make medically substantiated decisions based on their specific medical training within the combat health support chain. Choice A, 'Physician,' is incorrect as they may be involved but are not typically the first in line for such decisions as physician assistants. Choice C, 'Combat medic,' is incorrect as they usually provide immediate medical care but may not be the first to make medically substantiated decisions. Choice D, 'Combat lifesaver,' is incorrect as they are trained to provide basic life-saving interventions but may not have the specialized medical training to make complex medical decisions.
4. Freud's view of mental disorders was that they were a result of ________.
- A. unresolved conflicts between the id, the ego, and the superego.
- B. genetic abnormalities that influence people's ability to cope with their environment.
- C. problematic tendencies we develop while dealing with our early interpersonal environments.
- D. learned maladaptive behaviors that were rewarded with attention.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Freud believed that mental disorders were a result of unresolved conflicts between the id, ego, and superego. This concept is central to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, where conflicts between these three components of personality lead to psychological distress. Choice B is incorrect because Freud focused more on unconscious conflicts rather than genetic abnormalities. Choice C is incorrect as it refers to later psychodynamic theories rather than Freud's specific view. Choice D is incorrect as Freud's perspective does not emphasize learned behaviors as the primary cause of mental disorders.
5. Unlike adults, newborn babies __________.
- A. have a limited sense of smell
- B. see nearby objects most clearly
- C. prefer unfamiliar voices to familiar ones
- D. see unclearly across a wide range of distances
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Unlike adults, newborn babies see nearby objects most clearly. This is due to the fact that newborns have a limited ability to focus their eyes on objects that are farther away. Their visual acuity is not fully developed at birth, leading to clearer vision of objects situated at a close distance. Choice A is incorrect because newborn babies have a well-developed sense of smell. Choice C is incorrect as newborns typically show a preference for familiar voices, such as their mother's voice. Choice D is incorrect as newborns do not see unclearly across a wide range of distances; rather, their vision is clearer for nearby objects.
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