Nursing Elites

1. Where does carbohydrate digestion begin?

• A. Mouth
• B. Esophagus
• C. Stomach
• D. Small intestine

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth. The enzyme amylase, found in saliva, starts the process by breaking down starches into sugars. The esophagus is a passageway for food to reach the stomach and does not participate in digestion. The stomach mainly digests proteins and is not the primary site for carbohydrate breakdown. While the small intestine does play a crucial role in digesting carbohydrates, it is not where the process initiates. Therefore, the correct answer is the mouth.

2. Which mental health disorder can lead to the erosion of lingual enamel, enlarged parotid glands, palatal bruising, and dentinal hypersensitivity?

• A. Bulimia
• B. Anorexia nervosa
• C. Depression
• D. Schizophrenia

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bulimia. Bulimia involves repeated episodes of binge eating followed by purging, which can lead to the erosion of lingual enamel, enlarged parotid glands, palatal bruising, and dentinal hypersensitivity. This behavior exposes the teeth to stomach acid during purging, causing damage to the enamel. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because these conditions are not typically associated with the specific oral health issues mentioned in the question.

3. Each statement is true of rickets, except one. Which is the exception?

• A. Rickets is being diagnosed more frequently in the United States.
• B. Rickets is caused by vitamin C deficiency.
• C. Tachetic deformities such as bow legs or knock-knees develop.
• D. A narrow and distorted chest occurs.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rickets is caused by vitamin D deficiency, not vitamin C deficiency. It usually occurs in children who are 1 to 3 years old. The name rickets came from the word 'wrikken,' meaning 'to bend or twist.' Common manifestations of rickets include tachetic deformities like bow legs or knock-knees, a narrow and distorted chest, and failure of the epiphyses of bones to develop normally, resulting in twisted and warped bones. While the diagnosis of rickets may be increasing in the United States, it is not caused by a lack of vitamin C.

4. A patient is on a low-sodium diet. Which food item should the patient avoid?

• A. Fresh fruit
• B. Canned soup
• C. Whole grain bread
• D. Grilled chicken

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Canned soup. Canned soup is commonly high in sodium content, which is not suitable for a patient on a low-sodium diet. Fresh fruit, whole grain bread, and grilled chicken typically have lower sodium levels and can be included in a low-sodium diet. Therefore, the patient should avoid canned soup to adhere to the requirements of a low-sodium diet.

5. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is associated with which vitamin deficiency?

• A. Thiamine (B1)
• B. Riboflavin (B2)
• C. Niacin (B3)
• D. Pyridoxine (B6)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is indeed associated with thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency. This syndrome is commonly seen in individuals with chronic alcoholism due to poor diet and impaired thiamine absorption. Thiamine is essential for normal brain function and energy metabolism. Riboflavin (B2) deficiency can lead to symptoms like sore throat and swollen mucous membranes, not Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Niacin (B3) deficiency causes pellagra, characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death, but not Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Pyridoxine (B6) deficiency can result in dermatitis, glossitis, and peripheral neuropathy, but it is not associated with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.

Similar Questions