when dehydration begins to occur

ATI RN

ATI Fluid and Electrolytes

1. When does dehydration begin to occur?

A. the body reduces fluid output to zero.
B. the body increases the release of ANH.
C. the salivary secretions decrease.
D. the salivary secretions increase.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Dehydration leads to a decrease in the body's fluid levels, causing the salivary glands to produce less saliva, resulting in a dry mouth. Therefore, when dehydration begins to occur, salivary secretions decrease. Choice A is incorrect because the body does not reduce fluid output to zero during dehydration; it tries to conserve fluids. Choice B is incorrect as dehydration does not directly increase the release of ANH (Atrial Natriuretic Hormone). Choice D is incorrect because salivary secretions do not increase but decrease during dehydration.

2. A nurse is caring for a client who has just experienced a 90-second tonic-clonic seizure. The clients arterial blood gas values are pH 6.88, PaO2 50 mm Hg, PaCO2 60 mm Hg, and HCO3 22 mEq/L. Which action should the nurse take first?

A. . Apply oxygen by mask or nasal cannula
B. Apply a paper bag over the clients nose and mouth.
C. Administer 50 mL of sodium bicarbonate intravenously.
D. Administer 50 mL of 20% glucose and 20 units of regular insulin.

Correct answer: A

Rationale:

3. You are the nurse caring for a 77-year-old male patient who has been involved in a motor vehicle accident. You and your colleague note that the patients labs indicate minimally elevated serum creatinine levels, which your colleague dismisses. What can this increase in creatinine indicate in older adults?

A. Substantially reduced renal function
B. Acute kidney injury
C. Decreased cardiac output
D. ) Alterations in ratio of body fluids to muscle mass

Correct answer: A

Rationale:

4. Which of the following are sources of water intake?

A. Drinking fluids.
B. Consuming water from the food we eat.
C. Water from metabolic processes.
D. Drinking fluids, consuming water from the food we eat, and water from metabolic processes.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. The sources of water intake include drinking fluids, consuming water from the food we eat, and water from metabolic processes. Water intake is not solely from the liquids we drink but also from the water content present in the food we consume and the water produced during metabolic processes such as cellular respiration. Therefore, option D is the correct answer as it covers all the sources of water intake. Options A, B, and C alone do not encompass all the sources of water intake, making them incorrect choices.

5. A nurse is caring for a patient who requires measurement of specific gravity every 4 hours. What does this test detect?

A. Nutritional deficit
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Fluid volume status

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Specific gravity is a test used to determine the concentration of solutes in the urine, reflecting the kidney's ability to concentrate urine. Changes in specific gravity can indicate fluid volume status, such as dehydration (fluid volume deficit) or overhydration (fluid volume excess). Options A, B, and C are incorrect as specific gravity does not directly detect nutritional deficits, hyperkalemia, or hypercalcemia.