Nursing Elites

1. What physiologic state(s) produces the clinical manifestations of nervous system stimulation and excitement, such as overexcitability, nervousness, and tetany?

• A. Metabolic acidosis
• B. Respiratory alkalosis
• C. Metabolic and respiratory acidosis
• D. Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Both metabolic and respiratory alkalosis can cause overexcitability and nervous system stimulation due to a decrease in ionized calcium levels, which can cause symptoms such as tetany and paresthesias. Acidosis typically has the opposite effect, leading to depression of the nervous system.

2. Which describe the feelings and behaviors of adolescents related to divorce? (Select all that apply.)

• A. Disturbed concept of sexuality
• B. All are applicable
• C. Worry about themselves, parents, or siblings
• D. Expression of anger, sadness, shame, or embarrassment

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Adolescents may withdraw from social interactions, worry about the impact of the divorce, and express strong emotions such as anger or sadness.

3. A young mother asks if her 9-month-old can begin drinking cow’s milk instead of formula. You explain that:

• A. Cow’s milk is easier to digest than formula
• B. Breast milk or formula should be used for now because whole cow’s milk is not recommended for infants under 1 year
• C. As long as whole milk is given and not skim milk, it is okay
• D. Cow’s milk will decrease the chance of iron deficiency anemia

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Breast milk or formula should be used for now because whole cow’s milk is not recommended for infants under 1 year. Cow’s milk is not suitable for infants under 1 year of age as it lacks essential nutrients like iron and can lead to iron deficiency. Therefore, it is important to continue with breast milk or formula to ensure the baby's nutritional needs are met. Choice A is incorrect as cow’s milk is not easier to digest than formula for infants. Choice C is incorrect as the type of milk, whether whole or skim, is not the primary concern at this age. Choice D is incorrect as cow’s milk can actually increase the risk of iron deficiency anemia in infants.

4. A child with nephrotic syndrome is severely edematous. The primary healthcare provider has placed the child on bed rest. Which nursing intervention should be included in the plan of care?

• A. Monitor blood pressure every 30 minutes.
• B. Reposition the child every two hours.
• C. Limit visitors.
• D. Encourage fluids.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Repositioning the child every two hours is essential to prevent pressure ulcers and promote circulation, especially when the child is on bed rest and experiencing severe edema. Monitoring blood pressure is important but does not need to be done every 30 minutes unless indicated. Limiting visitors and encouraging fluids are not directly related to managing edema and preventing complications from immobility. Therefore, choice B is the most appropriate nursing intervention in this scenario.

5. The nurse is caring for a child with the following order: Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) 20 mg IV, every 6 hours. The nurse has Methylprednisolone 100 mg in 2 mL available. How many mL should the nurse administer with each dose?

• A. 0.4 mL
• B. 0.2 mL
• C. 0.5 mL
• D. 0.6 mL

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct dosage to administer 20 mg is 0.4 mL, calculated by dividing the dose (20 mg) by the concentration (100 mg in 2 mL). This calculation ensures the accurate administration of the prescribed medication. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not reflect the correct calculation based on the provided concentration of the medication.

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