Nursing Elites

1. What is the first step in managing a child with anaphylaxis?

• A. Administer antihistamines
• B. Establish IV access
• C. Administer epinephrine
• D. Monitor vital signs

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is to administer epinephrine. Administering epinephrine is the crucial first step in managing anaphylaxis as it helps reverse the severe allergic reaction by constricting blood vessels and relaxing airway muscles, preventing a life-threatening situation. Antihistamines (Choice A) are not the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis and should not delay the administration of epinephrine. Establishing IV access (Choice B) may be necessary but is not the initial step in managing anaphylaxis. Monitoring vital signs (Choice D) is important but should not take precedence over administering epinephrine in the acute management of anaphylaxis.

2. Identification and treatment of cryptorchid testes should be done by age 2 years. What is an important consideration?

• A. Medical therapy is not effective after this age.
• B. Treatment is necessary to maintain the ability to be fertile when older.
• C. The younger child can tolerate the extensive surgery needed.
• D. Sexual reassignment may be necessary if treatment is not successful.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Early treatment of cryptorchidism is essential to preserve fertility and prevent complications such as testicular cancer. Surgery is usually well-tolerated, and sexual reassignment is not typically related to this condition.

3. Urinary tract anomalies are frequently associated with what irregularities in fetal development?

• A. Myelomeningocele
• B. Cardiovascular anomalies
• C. Malformed or low-set ears
• D. Defects in lower extremities

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Malformed or low-set ears are often associated with congenital urinary tract anomalies, as both the ears and kidneys develop around the same time during fetal growth. Myelomeningocele, cardiovascular anomalies, and lower extremity defects are less commonly associated with UT anomalies.

4. Which should the nurse teach to parents regarding oral health of children? (Select all that apply.)

• A. Fluoridated water should be used.
• B. Early childhood caries is a preventable disease
• C. All options are correct
• D. Dental hygiene should begin with the first tooth eruption

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Fluoridated water helps prevent caries, early childhood caries is preventable, and dental hygiene should start with the first tooth eruption.

5. A child has been diagnosed with a Wilms tumor. What should preoperative nursing care include?

• A. Careful bathing and handling
• B. Monitoring of behavioral status
• C. Maintenance of strict isolation
• D. Administration of packed red blood cells

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Careful bathing and handling. Preoperative care for a child with a Wilms tumor should focus on preventing any trauma to the abdomen, which could lead to tumor rupture. Monitoring behavioral status and maintaining strict isolation are not as critical in this situation. Behavioral status is important but not a priority in preoperative care for a Wilms tumor. Strict isolation is not necessary unless there are specific infectious concerns, which is not typically the case for a Wilms tumor. Administration of packed red blood cells is not a standard preoperative intervention for Wilms tumor.

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