Nursing Elites

1. What is the best initial intervention for a child experiencing moderate dehydration?

• A. Administer IV fluids
• B. Encourage oral rehydration
• C. Monitor vital signs
• D. Provide clear fluids

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Encourage oral rehydration. Oral rehydration is the first-line treatment for moderate dehydration in children. It helps restore fluid balance and electrolyte levels. Administering IV fluids (Choice A) is usually reserved for severe cases of dehydration where oral rehydration is not feasible or ineffective. Monitoring vital signs (Choice C) is important but should not replace the immediate need for rehydration. Providing clear fluids (Choice D) may not contain the necessary electrolytes required for effective rehydration.

2. What findings on physical assessment of a neonate would indicate the need for further evaluation?

• A. Nystagmus
• B. Epstein pearls
• C. Low-set ears
• D. Positive Babinski reflex

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Low-set ears in a neonate suggest major abnormalities and should prompt further evaluation. The correct alignment of the top of the pinnae of the ear with the outer canthus of the eye is crucial. Nystagmus, an involuntary eye movement, is common in newborns and often resolves on its own. Epstein pearls, small cysts on the hard palate, are insignificant and disappear over time. A positive Babinski reflex is normal in infants up to 1 year of age. Therefore, the presence of low-set ears is the most concerning finding that requires immediate attention.

3. Where in the health history does a record of immunizations belong?

• A. History
• B. Present illness
• C. Review of systems
• D. Physical assessment

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Immunizations are part of the patient’s health history and are recorded under the history section to ensure the child is up-to-date with vaccinations.

4. What is a common cause of acquired aplastic anemia in children?

• A. Deficient diet
• B. Ingestion of drugs such as chloramphenicol or antiepileptics
• C. Congenital defects
• D. Injury

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Acquired aplastic anemia in children is often caused by exposure to certain drugs, such as chloramphenicol or antiepileptics, which can lead to bone marrow failure and a decrease in all types of blood cells. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because aplastic anemia is not commonly caused by deficient diet, congenital defects, or injury in children.

5. Which medication should the nurse expect to administer to a child diagnosed with Nephrotic Syndrome to decrease proteinuria?

• A. Albumin
• B. Prednisone
• C. Penicillin
• D. Furosemide (Lasix)

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Prednisone, a corticosteroid, is the primary treatment for Nephrotic Syndrome as it helps to reduce inflammation in the kidneys and decrease proteinuria by stabilizing the glomerular filtration barrier. Albumin is a protein replacement therapy and would not directly decrease proteinuria. Penicillin is an antibiotic that treats bacterial infections and is not used to manage Nephrotic Syndrome. Furosemide is a diuretic that helps in managing fluid retention but does not specifically target proteinuria in Nephrotic Syndrome.

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