ATI RN
Proctored Pharmacology ATI
1. What is the antidote for Heparin?
- A. Protamine sulfate
- B. Narcan
- C. Romazicon
- D. Naloxone
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Protamine sulfate. Heparin is an anticoagulant medication used to prevent blood clots. In cases of overdose or excessive bleeding due to Heparin, protamine sulfate is administered as the specific antidote. Protamine sulfate works by neutralizing Heparin's anticoagulant activity. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Narcan (Naloxone) is used to reverse opioid overdose, Romazicon (Flumazenil) is used to reverse benzodiazepine overdose, and Naloxone is also used to reverse opioid overdose but is not the antidote for Heparin.
2. The mechanism behind most CKD in patients without diabetes is mediated by:
- A. enzyme systems
- B. immune systems
- C. catabolic systems
- D. hormonal systems
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In non-diabetic patients, CKD is often mediated by immune system responses. Chronic inflammation triggered by immune system dysfunction can contribute to progressive kidney damage. Therefore, the correct answer is 'immune systems.' Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because CKD in non-diabetic patients is primarily associated with immune system abnormalities rather than enzyme, catabolic, or hormonal systems.
3. A nurse is preparing to teach a group of clients about vitamins and minerals. The nurse should include in the teaching that which of the following minerals is necessary for the transmission of nerve impulses?
- A. Phosphorus
- B. Calcium
- C. Chloride
- D. Zinc
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Corrected Question: A nurse is preparing to teach a group of clients about vitamins and minerals. The nurse should include in the teaching that which of the following minerals is necessary for the transmission of nerve impulses? Correct Answer: Calcium Rationale: Calcium is crucial for nerve transmission, muscle contraction, and blood clotting. It plays a vital role in the proper functioning of the nervous system. Phosphorus is important for bone health and energy metabolism, not nerve impulse transmission. Chloride is an electrolyte important for fluid balance but not directly involved in nerve impulse transmission. Zinc is essential for immune function and wound healing but not specifically required for nerve impulse transmission.
4. How should a healthcare provider monitor a patient with fluid overload?
- A. Monitor daily weight
- B. Check for edema
- C. Monitor input and output
- D. Monitor blood pressure
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Monitoring daily weight is crucial in assessing fluid retention accurately in a patient with fluid overload. Changes in weight can indicate fluid accumulation or loss, providing valuable information for healthcare providers. Checking for edema (choice B) is important but may not always accurately reflect total body fluid status. Monitoring input and output (choice C) and blood pressure (choice D) are also essential aspects of patient assessment, but they may not directly reflect the extent of fluid overload as effectively as monitoring daily weight.
5. A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has a new prescription for warfarin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. You should avoid consuming foods high in vitamin K.
- B. Take this medication at the same time each day.
- C. Monitor for signs of bruising and bleeding.
- D. Have your INR checked every 4 weeks.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct instruction the nurse should include is to advise the client to avoid consuming foods high in vitamin K. Foods rich in vitamin K, such as leafy greens, can interfere with the effectiveness of warfarin, an anticoagulant medication. Therefore, it is important for clients on warfarin therapy to maintain consistent vitamin K intake to keep their INR levels stable. The other options are also important but not the priority in the context of warfarin therapy. Ingesting foods high in vitamin K can affect the medication's efficacy, making it crucial to highlight this dietary consideration during client education.
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