Nursing Elites

1. What is an appropriate nursing intervention for a child with minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) who has scrotal edema?

• A. Place an ice pack on the scrotal area.
• B. Place the child in an upright sitting position.
• C. Elevate the scrotum with a rolled washcloth.
• D. Place a warm moist pack to the scrotal area.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Elevating the scrotum with a rolled washcloth helps reduce edema by promoting fluid drainage. Ice packs are not recommended due to the risk of frostbite, and warm moist packs are not typically used for this purpose. An upright position does not specifically address the edema.

2. Rectal temperatures are indicated in which situation?

• A. In the newborn period
• B. Whenever accuracy is essential
• C. Rectal temperatures are never indicated
• D. When rapid temperature changes are occurring

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rectal temperatures provide the most accurate measurement of core body temperature and are therefore indicated when accuracy is essential.

3. The nurse is preparing to administer a measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (MMRV) vaccine. Which is a contraindication associated with administering this vaccine?

• A. The child has recently been exposed to an infectious disease
• B. The child has symptoms of a cold but no fever
• C. The child is having intermittent episodes of diarrhea
• D. The child has a disorder that causes a deficient immune system

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A compromised immune system is a contraindication for the MMRV vaccine because it is a live attenuated vaccine and could potentially cause an infection in an immunocompromised child.

4. Which parental statement at the conclusion of a teaching session regarding environmental controls for childhood asthma indicates correct understanding of the information presented?

• A. ''We're glad the dog can continue to sleep in our child’s room.''
• B. ''We’ll keep the plants in our child’s room dusted.''
• C. ''We’ll be sure to use the fireplace often to keep the house warm in the winter.''
• D. ''We will replace the carpet in our child’s bedroom with a hard surface.''

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Replacing carpet with hard flooring helps to reduce allergens and asthma triggers in the child’s environment. Choice A is incorrect as having a dog in the child’s room can worsen asthma symptoms due to pet dander. Choice B is incorrect because keeping plants in the child’s room can increase mold spores and allergens. Choice C is incorrect as using a fireplace can introduce smoke and other irritants into the air, worsening asthma symptoms.

5. What is the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in children under 5 years?

• A. Salmonella
• B. Rotavirus
• C. Norovirus
• D. Shigella

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rotavirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in children under 5 years. It leads to severe diarrhea and dehydration. Vaccination against rotavirus has significantly reduced the incidence of this disease, but it remains a major cause of morbidity in young children globally. Salmonella and Shigella can cause gastroenteritis, but they are less common in children under 5 years. Norovirus is also a common cause of gastroenteritis, but Rotavirus is the most prevalent in this age group.

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