Nursing Elites

1. Which is considered a block to effective communication?

• A. Using silence
• B. Using clichés
• C. Directing the focus
• D. Defining the problem

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Using clichés is a communication block because it can come across as dismissive or insincere, hindering meaningful dialogue.

2. According to Piaget, a 6-month-old infant should be in which developmental stage?

• A. Use of reflexes
• B. Primary circular reactions
• C. Secondary circular reactions
• D. Coordination of secondary schemata

Correct answer: C

Rationale: By 6 months, infants are usually in the stage of secondary circular reactions, where they start to intentionally repeat actions that bring pleasure or interesting results.

3. What is the first step in treating a child with suspected anaphylaxis?

• A. Administer oxygen
• B. Start an IV line
• C. Give epinephrine
• D. Monitor vital signs

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Give epinephrine. Administering epinephrine is the first and most critical step in treating anaphylaxis. Epinephrine rapidly reverses the symptoms of anaphylaxis, including airway swelling, hypotension, and shock. Delaying administration can lead to severe complications or death, making it essential in emergency treatment. Choice A, administering oxygen, might be necessary but should not delay the administration of epinephrine. Starting an IV line (Choice B) is important for further treatment but not the initial step. Monitoring vital signs (Choice D) is essential but comes after administering epinephrine to stabilize the child.

4. The nurse is taking a sexual history on an adolescent girl. Which is the best way to determine whether she is sexually active?

• A. Ask her, "Are you sexually active?"
• B. Ask her, "Are you having sex with anyone?"
• C. Ask her, "Are you having sex with a boyfriend?"
• D. Ask both the girl and her parent if she is sexually active

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Directly asking the adolescent if she is sexually active is the most straightforward and respectful approach, ensuring privacy and fostering trust.

5. In children with Type 1 diabetes, what is a common early sign of hypoglycemia?

• A. Irritability
• B. Rapid heartbeat
• C. Confusion
• D. Sweating

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Sweating is indeed one of the earliest signs of hypoglycemia in children with Type 1 diabetes. When blood sugar levels drop too low, the body releases stress hormones like adrenaline, which can lead to sweating. While irritability, rapid heartbeat, and confusion can also be seen in hypoglycemia, sweating is particularly common as a quick indicator of low blood sugar levels in children with Type 1 diabetes.

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