ATI RN
RN Nursing Care of Children Online Practice 2019 A
1. What is a primary consideration for complications when planning nursing care for an infant with Meconium aspiration syndrome?
- A. Hypoglycemia
- B. Bowel obstruction
- C. Airway obstruction
- D. Carbon dioxide retention
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Airway obstruction. When planning nursing care for an infant with Meconium aspiration syndrome, a primary consideration for complications is the potential of airway obstruction. After the passage of meconium into the amniotic fluid, the infant may inhale or swallow the fluid, leading to meconium aspiration into the lower airways and causing a partial airway obstruction. This can result in respiratory distress and hypoxemia. Hypoglycemia (choice A) is a metabolic condition unrelated to meconium aspiration. Bowel obstruction (choice B) with meconium may indicate other conditions like cystic fibrosis or Hirschsprung disease, not directly related to meconium aspiration syndrome. Carbon dioxide retention (choice D) is not a primary consideration in meconium aspiration syndrome; instead, the focus is on addressing the airway obstruction and potential respiratory compromise.
2. What clinical manifestation(s) is associated with calcium depletion (hypocalcemia)?
- A. Nausea, vomiting
- B. Weakness, fatigue
- C. Muscle hypotonicity
- D. Neuromuscular irritability
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Hypocalcemia can lead to neuromuscular irritability, causing symptoms such as muscle cramps, tetany, or seizures. Other symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and weakness are less specific and can be related to various conditions.
3. When taking a child’s blood pressure, what percentage of the upper arm should the nurse ensure the cuff bladder width covers?
- A. 20%
- B. 40%
- C. 60%
- D. 80%
Correct answer: B
Rationale: When taking a child's blood pressure, the nurse should select a cuff with a bladder width that covers 40% of the arm circumference at the midpoint of the upper arm. This ensures accurate readings. Choosing a cuff that covers less or more than 40% can lead to incorrect blood pressure measurements. Therefore, options A, C, and D are incorrect.
4. A new mom is ready to introduce solid foods to her infant. Which food would you recommend starting with?
- A. Meat
- B. Rice cereal
- C. Fruits
- D. Vegetables
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Rice cereal. Rice cereal is typically the first solid food introduced to infants because it is easy to digest and unlikely to cause an allergic reaction. Starting with rice cereal helps assess the baby's readiness for solid foods and reduces the risk of allergic responses. Choice A (Meat) is not recommended as the initial solid food due to its higher allergenic potential. Choices C (Fruits) and D (Vegetables) are also not usually recommended as the first solid food, as they may be more challenging for infants to digest compared to rice cereal.
5. A child with acetaminophen (Tylenol) poisoning has been admitted to the emergency department. What antidote does the nurse anticipate being prescribed?
- A. Carnitine (Carnitor)
- B. Fomepizole (Antizol)
- C. Deferoxamine (Desferal)
- D. N-acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
Correct answer: D
Rationale: N-acetylcysteine is the specific antidote for acetaminophen poisoning, working by replenishing glutathione and preventing liver damage. The other options are antidotes for different types of poisoning (e.g., Fomepizole for methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning).