ATI RN
RN Nursing Care of Children Online Practice 2019 A
1. What amount of fluid loss occurs with moderate dehydration?
- A. <50 ml/kg
- B. 50 to 90 ml/kg
- C. <5% total body weight
- D. >15% total body weight
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Moderate dehydration is typically defined as a loss of 50 to 90 mL/kg of body weight. This amount reflects significant fluid loss that requires medical attention but is not yet severe.
2. According to Piaget, in which stage of cognitive development is four-year-old R’Monte who engages in make-believe play by stirring beads in a bowl and saying, “Soup is ready!�
- A. sensorimotor
- B. preoperational
- C. concrete operational
- D. sociocultural
Correct answer: B
Rationale: According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, four-year-old R’Monte's engagement in make-believe play, such as pretending to stir beads in a bowl and creating imaginary soup, indicates that he is in the preoperational stage of cognitive development. This stage is characterized by symbolic thinking, pretend play, language development, and egocentrism. Choice A, sensorimotor, is incorrect as this stage occurs in infancy and focuses on sensory experiences and object permanence. Choice C, concrete operational, is incorrect as this stage occurs around ages 7-11 and involves logical reasoning about concrete events. Choice D, sociocultural, is incorrect as it does not correspond to Piaget's stages of cognitive development.
3. Upon noticing a visitor who is loud and active and carrying a gun on the unit where you are in charge, what should you do immediately?
- A. Ask the visitor to leave.
- B. Talk quietly to calm the visitor.
- C. Ask the visitor for the gun.
- D. Notify security with the details of the situation.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In a situation where a visitor arrives on the unit with a gun, it is essential to prioritize the safety of patients and staff. Immediately notifying security with all the relevant details is the correct course of action. Asking the visitor to leave or engaging them could escalate the situation and put everyone at risk. Similarly, requesting the gun from the visitor directly is not advisable as it could lead to a dangerous confrontation. By alerting security promptly, you enable trained professionals to handle the situation safely and effectively, minimizing risks and ensuring the safety of all individuals involved.
4. The C/PHN is supporting legislation that seeks tighter gun control laws in New York State. The nurse knows that a significant challenge to getting legislation passed relates to which of the following:
- A. A lack of interest in this topic by many citizens of the state.
- B. An inability to gather statistics to understand the magnitude of the problem.
- C. Special interest groups that exert influence on legislators.
- D. The idea that gun violence is not a significant public health concern in the US.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Special interest groups often exert significant influence on legislators, making it challenging to pass tighter gun control laws. These groups may lobby against such legislation, impacting the decision-making process of lawmakers. This influence can hinder the progress of bills related to gun control, despite potential public support or health implications.
5. A client with a history of angina reports substernal chest pain that radiates to the left arm. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
- A. Administer nitroglycerin sublingually.
- B. Administer 2L of oxygen via nasal cannula.
- C. Administer aspirin 325 mg orally.
- D. Obtain a 12-lead ECG.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In a client with a history of angina experiencing chest pain radiating to the left arm, obtaining a 12-lead ECG is the priority action to assess for myocardial infarction. An ECG helps in diagnosing and evaluating the extent of cardiac ischemia or infarction. Administering nitroglycerin, oxygen, or aspirin can follow once the ECG has been performed to confirm the diagnosis and guide further interventions. Administering nitroglycerin sublingually is often appropriate for angina but should not precede the ECG in this urgent scenario. Oxygen therapy and aspirin administration are important interventions but obtaining the ECG takes precedence in assessing for acute cardiac events.
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