Nursing Elites

1. What test measures the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time, typically 24 to 48 hours?

• A. Holter monitor
• B. Echocardiogram
• C. Stress test
• D. Arterial blood gas (ABG)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Holter monitor. A Holter monitor is a portable device that records the electrical activity of the heart over a period of 24 to 48 hours. It is used to detect arrhythmias and other heart conditions. Choice B, Echocardiogram, is a test that uses sound waves to create images of the heart's structure and function, not focused on the electrical activity. Choice C, Stress test, evaluates the heart's function under stress but does not monitor electrical activity over an extended period. Choice D, Arterial blood gas (ABG), measures the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, unrelated to measuring the electrical activity of the heart over time.

2. When administering dobutamine to a client, what is the most important parameter to assess?

• A. Blood pressure
• B. Heart rate
• C. Oxygen saturation
• D. Respiratory rate

Correct answer: A

Rationale: When giving dobutamine, the most critical parameter to assess is blood pressure. Dobutamine is known to cause significant changes in blood pressure, making it essential to closely monitor this parameter to prevent adverse effects. While heart rate is also important to monitor, blood pressure takes precedence due to the potential for hemodynamic instability caused by dobutamine. Oxygen saturation and respiratory rate, although vital signs to monitor, are not typically affected directly by dobutamine administration.

3. This is a type of lung disease that results from the inhalation of certain dusts, often in the workplace, leading to lung damage.

• A. Pneumoconiosis
• B. Asbestosis
• C. Silicosis
• D. Anthracosis

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Pneumoconiosis is the correct answer. It is a lung disease caused by inhaling certain types of dust, commonly in a workplace setting, resulting in lung damage. Asbestosis (choice B) is a specific type of pneumoconiosis caused by asbestos fibers. Silicosis (choice C) is another type of pneumoconiosis caused by inhaling crystalline silica dust. Anthracosis (choice D) is a condition characterized by the accumulation of coal dust particles in the lungs, not necessarily resulting in lung damage.

4. What is the term for inflammation of the bronchial tubes, often leading to a persistent cough and mucus production?

• A. Bronchitis
• B. Asthma
• C. Pneumonia
• D. Cystic fibrosis

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Bronchitis.' Bronchitis refers to the inflammation of the bronchial tubes, which can be acute or chronic, leading to symptoms like coughing and increased mucus production. Choice B, 'Asthma,' is a chronic condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, often causing wheezing and shortness of breath. Choice C, 'Pneumonia,' is an infection that inflames air sacs in one or both lungs, leading to symptoms like fever, cough, and difficulty breathing. Choice D, 'Cystic fibrosis,' is a genetic disorder that affects the lungs and digestive system, causing mucus buildup and respiratory issues.

5. Where is the impulse from the SA node delayed, enabling atrial contraction to complete before the ventricles are stimulated and contract?

• A. AV node
• B. Bundle of His
• C. SA node
• D. Aorta

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is AV node. The AV node is responsible for delaying the impulse from the SA node, allowing the atria to contract before the ventricles. This delay ensures the effective pumping of blood in a coordinated manner. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the Bundle of His is responsible for transmitting the impulse to the Purkinje fibers, the SA node is the pacemaker of the heart responsible for initiating the heartbeat, and the aorta is the main artery carrying oxygenated blood from the heart to the body, respectively, none of which are involved in delaying the impulse to allow atrial contraction before ventricular contraction.

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