ATI RN
Cardiovascular System Exam Questions And Answers
1. What is the procedure where a device is used to shock the heart back into a normal rhythm during a life-threatening arrhythmia?
- A. Defibrillation
- B. Cardioversion
- C. Echocardiogram
- D. Ablation
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, Defibrillation. Defibrillation is the procedure of using a device to deliver an electric shock to the heart during life-threatening arrhythmias like ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia to restore a normal rhythm. Choice B, Cardioversion, is similar but is typically used for less severe arrhythmias. Choice C, Echocardiogram, is a diagnostic test that uses sound waves to create images of the heart. Choice D, Ablation, is a procedure to treat certain types of arrhythmias by scarring or destroying tissue that triggers abnormal electrical signals.
2. A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) appears thin and disheveled. Which question should the nurse ask first?
- A. Do you have a strong support system?
- B. What do you understand about your disease?
- C. Do you experience shortness of breath with basic activities?
- D. What medications are you prescribed to take each day?
Correct answer: C
Rationale: In clients with severe COPD, shortness of breath can significantly impact their ability to perform basic activities like bathing and eating. Therefore, the nurse's priority should be to assess if shortness of breath is interfering with the client's basic activities, which can provide crucial information for planning and managing care.
3. Each of the following nutrients provides energy except one. Which one is the exception?
- A. Proteins
- B. Carbohydrates
- C. Fats
- D. Vitamins
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Vitamins. While proteins, carbohydrates, and fats provide energy, vitamins do not. Vitamins are essential micronutrients that help regulate various biochemical processes in the body, such as metabolism and immunity. Choice A, B, and C are incorrect because proteins, carbohydrates, and fats are macronutrients that the body uses as a source of energy.
4. A patient with a chest tube has continuous bubbling in the water seal chamber. What does this indicate?
- A. An air leak
- B. A blocked chest tube
- C. Drainage from the site
- D. Blood clot in the chest tube
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Continuous bubbling in the water seal chamber of a chest tube indicates an air leak. This situation requires immediate attention to prevent complications such as lung collapse. A blocked chest tube would typically result in absent or fluctuating bubbling. Drainage from the site would be observed in the collection chamber, not the water seal chamber. A blood clot in the chest tube would lead to cessation of drainage.
5. Which intervention would be appropriate for assisting a client diagnosed with major depressive disorder?
- A. Encourage discussion of feelings
- B. Offer family therapy sessions
- C. Discuss childhood events
- D. Teach alternate coping skills
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Offering family therapy sessions would be the most appropriate intervention for a client diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Family therapy can be beneficial as it addresses interpersonal relationships within the family system, which is crucial in managing major depressive disorder effectively. This approach aligns with Sullivan's interpersonal theory, which emphasizes the impact of interpersonal relationships on individual behavior and personality development. In contrast, encouraging discussion of feelings, discussing childhood events, or teaching alternate coping skills may not directly address the interpersonal dynamics contributing to the client's major depressive disorder.
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