ATI RN
Cardiovascular System Exam
1. What is a condition where the pulmonary arteries become blocked by a blood clot, leading to chest pain, shortness of breath, and other symptoms?
- A. Pulmonary embolism
- B. Pneumothorax
- C. Pulmonary edema
- D. Pulmonary hypertension
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, pulmonary embolism. Pulmonary embolism is a condition where a blood clot blocks one of the pulmonary arteries in the lungs, resulting in symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and other related signs. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because pneumothorax refers to a collapsed lung, pulmonary edema is the build-up of fluid in the lungs, and pulmonary hypertension is high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs - none of which directly involve a blood clot blocking the pulmonary arteries.
2. The nurse is caring for a client on amiodarone who complains of visual disturbances. What is the nurse’s best response?
- A. Notify the healthcare provider immediately.
- B. Reassure the client that this is a common side effect.
- C. Advise the client to monitor their symptoms at home.
- D. Suggest the client reduce physical activity.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to notify the healthcare provider immediately. Visual disturbances in a client taking amiodarone can indicate amiodarone toxicity, a serious side effect. Notifying the healthcare provider promptly is essential for further assessment and management. Reassuring the client that this is a common side effect (choice B) is incorrect as visual disturbances should not be dismissed without evaluation. Advising the client to monitor their symptoms at home (choice C) may delay necessary intervention. Suggesting the client reduce physical activity (choice D) is unrelated to addressing visual disturbances caused by amiodarone.
3. A client does not understand why vision loss due to glaucoma is irreversible. What is the best explanation?
- A. Once bacterial infection has caused damage, the tissue does not regenerate.
- B. Once retinal detachment occurs, it does not return to its normal state.
- C. Too many nerve fibers have become ischemic and died, so vision loss is permanent.
- D. Glaucoma always leads to permanent blindness.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. In glaucoma, the optic nerve damage due to high intraocular pressure leads to permanent vision loss because the nerve fibers do not regenerate. Choice A is incorrect as it discusses bacterial infection, not relevant to glaucoma. Choice B is incorrect because it refers to retinal detachment, not glaucoma. Choice D is incorrect because not all glaucoma cases lead to permanent blindness; vision loss can be prevented or slowed with treatment.
4. What is typically the first sign that a healthcare professional with a substance abuse problem will exhibit?
- A. Avoidance
- B. Bargaining
- C. Denial
- D. Regression
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Denial. When healthcare professionals have substance abuse problems, denial is often the initial sign they exhibit. Denial involves minimizing or refusing to acknowledge the issue, making it difficult to recognize and address the substance abuse problem. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Avoidance, bargaining, and regression are not typically the first signs displayed by healthcare professionals with substance abuse problems. By identifying denial early on, healthcare professionals can take the necessary steps to seek help and overcome substance abuse issues.
5. A nurse on the postpartum unit is caring for a group of clients with an assistive personnel (AP). Which of the following tasks should the nurse plan to delegate to the AP?
- A. Provide a sitz bath to a client who has a fourth-degree laceration and is 2 days postpartum.
- B. Observe an area of redness on the breast of a client who is 1 day postpartum.
- C. Monitor vital signs during admission of a client who has gestational hypertension.
- D. Change the perineal pad of a client who just transferred from labor and delivery.
Correct answer: Provide a sitz bath to a client who has a fourth-degree laceration and is 2 days postpartum.
Rationale: Delegating the task of providing a sitz bath to a client with a fourth-degree laceration and who is 2 days postpartum to the assistive personnel (AP) is appropriate. This task involves assisting the client with personal hygiene and comfort measures that can be safely performed by the AP under the supervision and direction of the nurse. Tasks like observing redness on the breast, monitoring vital signs during admission for gestational hypertension, and changing perineal pads may require a higher level of assessment and nursing judgment, making them more appropriate for the nurse to perform.
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